THREE TYPES OF IRONY

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THREE TYPES OF IRONY
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1. Verbal Irony

• the use of words to express something other than
  and especially the opposite of the literal
  meaning.
• In other words, you say one thing but actually
  mean the opposite.

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Verbal Irony

• For example, in Julius Caesar, Mark Antony
  repeatedly says "and Brutus is an honorable man"
  in the famous Friends, Romans, countrymen
  speech

but really, I think Brutus is pond scum
because he stabbed Caesar!
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The Crucible Act I Verbal Irony

• Parris There is a party in this church. I am not
  blind there is a faction and a party.
• Proctor Against you?
• Putnam Against him and all authority!
• Proctor Why, then I must find it and join it.

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Verbal Irony is NOT the same thing as a lie.

• With verbal irony, the speaker intends others to
  know that what he or she means is different or
  opposite from what is said.

I really love my haircut and feel very handsome!
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Verbal Irony often involves a SARCASTIC tone
Honey, your room is absolutely beautiful. Ive
never been prouder of you than right now!
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2. Situational Irony

• There is an incongruity--a big difference
  (sometimes 180 degrees)--between what is
  logically expected to happen and what actually
  happens.

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Situational Irony
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Situational Irony Examples

• A man goes over the giant waterfall Niagara Falls
  in a barrel and survives, only to take a cleanup
  shower where he slips on the soap and dies from
  trauma.
• An anti-technology website
• A woman in need of medical help is run over by an
  ambulance.

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What was probably the scientists logical
expectation for this new invention?
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IRONIC by Alanis Morissette

• A traffic jam when you're already lateA
  no-smoking sign on your cigarette breakIt's like
  ten thousand spoons when all you need is a
  knifeIt's meeting the man of my dreamsAnd then
  meeting his beautiful wifeAnd isn't it ironic...
  don't you thinkA little too ironic... and yeah I
  really do think...Is there situational irony in
  this hit song from the 90s?

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NO!

• Situational Irony Bad Luck
• What actually happens must be the opposite of or
  differ greatly from what was expected to happen.

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A common misuse of the word irony
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The Crucible - Situational IronyWhen Hale
quizzes John in Act II about the Ten Commandments.

• Considering whats been going on in his life, the
  last commandment youd logically expect John
  Proctor to forget is.
• the one about adultery!

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HYPOCRISY is a type of Situational Irony
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What is hypocrisy?

• The practice of professing beliefs, feelings, or
  virtues that one does not really hold or practice
• Saying you believe one thing but then doing
  something that contradicts that belief

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What is hypocrisy?

• The act of condemning another person when the
  critic is guilty of the act for which he/she
  demands that the accused be condemned
• This is also sometimes described using the
  idiom--the pot calling the kettle black

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Hypocrisy Example
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3. Dramatic or Tragic Irony
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3. Dramatic or Tragic Irony

• a character whose knowledge is limited says,
  does, or encounters something of greater
  significance than he or she knows

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3. Dramatic or Tragic Irony

• In other words, when we the audience/reader know
  a truth that one or more of the characters do not
  yet know or understand

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Dramatic/Tragic Irony
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Dramatic/Tragic Irony - Romeo and Juliet

• At the end of this play, what do we, the
  audience, know that Romeo does not?

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Dramatic/Tragic Irony - Titanic

• Why is there dramatic irony in this story from
  the first frame of the movie?

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Dramatic/Tragic Irony - A tool writers use to
engage us and create tension

• On Breaking Bad, we the audience know chemist
  Walter White cooks crystal meth, while Hank,
  his brother-in-law, and a DEA agent, does not.
  This creates tension and anticipation for the
  viewers.

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Nearly every horror movie needs Dramatic Irony to
work!

• We know whats comingbut the guy in the tie
  doesnt. Dramatic Irony creates suspense!

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The Crucible End of Act I

• By the end of Act I, when Tituba, Abigail, and
  other girls are accusing women in the village of
  witchcraft, why is there DRAMATIC IRONY?
• (Remember to think about us. What do we know that
  other characters do not?)