French

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French Indian War French vs. English
Conquest for the North American Empire
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French Possessions In North America
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English Possessions In North America
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British in North America
French in North America
Native Americans
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British in North America
French in North America
The Ohio River Valley is ready to explode! Why?
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French and Indian War
Reasons For the War
A. B.
1. Fur Trade

A. B. C. D.
2. Land
3. Indian Relations
A. B. C.
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1. The Fur Trade

• A. Earliest most important industry for French
  (business) in North America
• B. 1500s-1800s Beaver fur was used to make hats,
  they were the fashion in Europe.
• One of the causes of the French and Indian
  War.

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Beaver Fur
Beaver Trap
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2. Land

• Another cause of the French and Indian War.
• A. English colonists bought 500,000 acres of
  land in the Ohio Valley to farm.
• B. This would hurt the French colonial fur
  trade.
• This brought economic, religious, and
  political conflict between the English and French
  in the Ohio River Valley.

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French in North America

• Land was originally claimed by French explorers.
• French fur traders used the Ohio River area for
  fur trading.
• C. French govt built forts to stop English
  taking the land.

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British in North America

• The English colonies grew and prospered. New
  colonists were looking for more land.
• Free or cheap land offered new opportunities and
  economic freedom.
• D. English government built forts and started
  to grant land to its citizens.

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3. Indian Relations

• A. French have better relationships with
  Indians.
• B. English wanted to take their land for
  farming.
• Most French colonists were fur traders and
  trappers.
• C. French only wanted the fur. They didnt want
  to stay on the land.
• They lived among the Indians and adopted their
  ways.
• They learned to make canoes, trap animals, make
  snow shoes, and etc..
• They learned Native American languages.
• They took Indian brides.
• Bi-racial children

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French and Indian War
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The English attack French Fort Duquesne. The
attack was a disaster and was the beginning of
the French and Indian War.
British in North America
French in North America
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British in North America
French in North America
The war is fought on two continents (North
America and Europe)
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War

• In America, they fought over control of the
  entire Western frontier including the Ohio River
  Valley.
• In Europe, France and England began to fight in
  what was called the Seven Years War.

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French and Indian War
Advantages of Each Side
A. B. 1. 2. C. D.

1. British/American Advantages
2. French Advantages
A. B. C.
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Advantages of Each Side

• 1. British/American Colonies
• A. Larger Population
• 1,485,000
• B. Militias
• Poorly organized and equipped.
• 1. They were ready at a moments notice.
• 2. Fighting the Indians for over a 100 years.
• C. Self-supporting
• Produced enough food and supplies.
• D. Britain controlled the seas.

• 2. French Colonies
• Single Colonial Government
• A. One government meant less discussion during
  decision making. (American colonists didnt
  always agree to follow British orders)
• B. Pattern of Settlement
• Clustered together
• 1. Towns were close together
• C. Well-fortified positions
• Build high on cliffs.

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French and Indian War
Disadvantages of Each Side
A. 1. B.

1. British/American Disadvantages
A. B. C. 1. 2.
2. French Disadvantages
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Disadvantages of Each Side

• 2. French Colonies
• A. Smaller Population
• 75,000
• B. Depended on Imports
• British controlled the seas.
• C. Troops
• 1. France sent few troops over.
• 2. Defense fell to the fur trading companies.

• 1. British/American Colonies
• A. Colonial Assemblies
• 1. Each colony jealously guarded its own power.
• B. Fighting an Offensive War
• Attack Quebec and Montreal to win the war.

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French and Indian War
Native American Involvement
A. 1. B.

1. British/American Allies
A. 1. 2.
2. French Allies
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Native American Involvement

• 1. British/American Colonies
• A. Iroquois League
• 1. Mostly neutral, but did fight occasionally.
• B. Chief of the Mohawks
• Joseph Brant
• Became a colonel in the British army.

• 2. French Colonies
• A. Algonquins, Ottawas the Hurons
• 1. Longtime trading partners
• 2. Didnt trust the land grabbing
  white settlers.

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(No Transcript)
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The American Colonies and the war.
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French and Indian War
Albany Plan
A. B. C. D.

A. B. C. D. E. F. G. H.
Battle of Quebec
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The Albany Plan
B E N F R A N K L I N
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The Albany Plan

• A. 1754-
• Delegates from nine of the thirteen colonies met
  in Albany, New York.
• Ben Franklin (drew it up), delegate from
  Pennsylvania came to Albany with a Plan of
  Union or Albany Plan, a loose union or compact
  between the colonies.
• A promise from the colonies to work together.
• D. The plan failed because the colonial
  assemblies and the British Parliament rejected it.

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The Last of the Mohicans

• Written by James Fenimore Cooper
• The Last of the Mohicans is part of a series of
  four books called The Leatherstocking Tales.
• Follows the life of a colonial boy and his Native
  American friend.

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Battle of Quebec

1. Turning Point of War
2. September 13, 1759
3. British approach Quebec by sea and climb
   cliffs-surprise attack
4. Plains of Abraham
5. French caught off guard.

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Battle of Quebec

• Commanders of both armies die in battle
• G. British claim victory
• H. French surrender in America a year later on
  September 6, 1760

British General-James Wolfs death at Quebec
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French and Indian War
War Ends
A. B.

A. B. 1. C.
Results of the French and Indian War
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War Ends

• France and Britain continued fighting in
  Europe for three more years
• Treaty of Paris is signed on February 10,
  1763-this ends the war.
• France surrenders all land in North America to
  Britain

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Results of War

• Britain gained control over half the North
  American continent, including French Canada, all
  French territorial claims-everything east of the
  Mississippi River, and Spanish Florida.
• Another result of the war was - British decide to
  reevaluate their relationship with the colonies.
• 1. Want to re-establish control.
• The British government also faced pressing
  financial problems. They owed a lot of money.
• Britain began fighting in 1754 with a national
  debt of approximately 75 million pounds, but the
  war effort caused the debt to soar to 133 million
  pounds by 1763.

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Proclamation Line of 1763
The British declared that American colonists
would not be allowed to set up or keep
settlements west of an imaginary line running
down the crest of the Appalachian Mountains. The
proclamation acknowledged that Native Americans
owned the lands on which they were then residing
and white settlers in the area were to be removed.
Appalachian Mountains
Mississippi River
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Topic French and Indian War
Most Important Things to Remember!
French vs. British American Colonists--with
Indians fighting on both sides. War in North
America and Europe War is over land, farming and
furs. Ben Franklin draws a political cartoon
and writes the Albany Plan to try and get the
colonies to work together. Britain and the
British colonists won the war!! The Treaty of
Paris, 1763, officially ends the war. France
looses North America and the British take over
their land. Proclamation Line of 1763 which is
Englands attempt to control the colonies