Introduction to Map Cataloging

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Introduction to Map Cataloging

• The Accidental Map Librarian Workshop
• Naomi Heiser
• Laura Wright
• University of Colorado, Boulder
• Map Library

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Why catalog maps?

• maps are as important sources of information as
  other formats
• cataloging provides more access points than a
  geographic index, especially for maps covering
  more than one area
• users are more likely to request (and use
  resources) that are cataloged
• reduces wear (from browsing)

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• In many collections a cartographic materials
  catalog does not exist, a situation that thrusts
  total dependence for retrieval upon the broad,
  but occasionally slumping, shoulders of the
  classification scheme and on the librarians
  memory, assuming that the latter is truly an
  elephant's child (p.121, Map Librarianship)

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So, how do you catalog a map?

• Use a cartographic workform/format (see resources
  at end of presentation for a workform template)
• According to Cartographic Materials a manual of
  interpretation for AACR2 (2002 rev.)
• Refer to Map cataloging manual (Library of
  Congress), for excellent examples of rules
  applications
• Atlases and globes are also cataloged as
  cartographic materials

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Major differences between Cartographic and
Monographic cataloging

• Chief source of information
• Main entry
• Scale, projection, coordinates (i.e,
  mathematical data)
• Unique notes
• Geographic subjects / Call number construction
  (for Library of Congress classification)

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Chief Source of Information

• The chief source of information for other than a
  printed atlas (in order of preference) is
• A) the cartographic item itself when an item
  is in a number of physical parts, treat all the
  parts (including a title sheet) as the
  cartographic item itself
• B) container (e.g. portfolio, cover, envelope)
  or case
• If the information is not available from the
  chief source, take it from any accompanying
  printed material (e.g. pamphlets, brochures)

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from Cartographic Materials
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Choice of title

• Sometimes it is difficult to decide what the main
  title of a map is, since it can be located
  anywhere on the chief source, and at times is
  printed more than once, in more than one
  location, and with different wording (grr!).
• Here is the main rule
• Consider all of the titles occurring in the
  locations cited in the following table, giving
  precedence to the title that includes the most
  precise description of BOTH AREA AND SUBJECT.
  If this is not possible, do same thing
  considering only AREA. If not possible, use
  table to choose preferential title.
• Globes and atlases have slightly different rules
  (see CM)

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from Cartographic Materials
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Main Entry

• Often not as clear as for monographs
• May be a personal name (e.g. the cartographer)
• May be a corporate name but only if the
  corporate body is responsible for more than just
  publication or distribution of the map (see AACR2
  21.1B2, category f)
• May be title (no primary responsible
  author/entity)
• Author added entries (both personal and corporate
  names) are common

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Mathematical data

• The main components of the mathematical data
  portion of the catalog record
• Scale
• Projection
• Coordinates

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Scale

• Scale is given on maps in 3 basic formats
• Bar scale
• Verbal scale
• Representative fraction
• For the purposes of cataloging, you need to
  determine (calculate) the representative fraction
• A representative fraction means this little on
  the map this much on the earths surface.
• For instance, 163,360 is one inch to 63,360
  inches (or 1 inch 1 mile)

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Scale
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4 methods for determining representative fraction

• Preferred
• 1) Conversion from a graphic scale, using scale
  tool or Natural Scale Indicator (see Resources
  page for ordering information), or using a ruler.
• 2) Conversion from a verbal scale (see Appendix B
  of CM).
• 3) Possible (if you feel like it)
• Determination from graticule (Appendix B of CM)
• 4) Not recommended (by Library of Congress)
• Comparing to a similar map

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If there is no scale on the map

• Use Scale not given only if
• the only way to determine the scale is to
  compare the map with a map of known scale (and
  your policy is not to do so).
• Use Scale indeterminable only if
• there is truly no way to determine the scale
  using any of the methods weve described,
  including comparison method.

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More than one scale given

• Sometimes there is more than one map on a sheet
• If there are two scales, you may make two scale
  statements, with the larger scale listed first
• If there are 3 or more scales, you may use
  scales differ as the scale description

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Scale not consistent across map

• Sometimes the scale of a map changes across the
  face of the map (for instance, the scale is
  larger in the middle than along the edges)
• If this is significant, you make the statement
  scale varies
• This does not apply to birds-eye
  views/perspective maps of towns since it is their
  normal state to have a varying scale.
• In this case you state Not drawn to scale

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Projection

• A system used to represent the curved surface of
  the earth on a flat map.
• USGS information page about projections
  http//erg.usgs.gov/isb/pubs/MapProjections/projec
  tions.html
• For the purposes of cataloging maps, record the
  projection if stated on the map or accompanying
  material (container, booklet, etc.)
• For example, Transverse Mercator proj.

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Projection
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Coordinates

• Any of a set of numbers used in specifying the
  location of a point on a line, a surface, or in
  space. (CM)
• Geographic coordinates are defined in terms of
  latitude and longitude
• Latitude is measured in reference to the Equator
• Longitude is usually measured in reference to
  the Greenwich meridian

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Latitude and Longitude
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Coordinates in cataloging

• Record coordinates if they are printed on the
  map.
• Record coordinates in the following order
• Western extent, Eastern extent, Northern extent,
  Southern extent (WENS)
• Record using degrees, minutes, and seconds (if
  they are readily apparent)
• For example, a map of Boulder might have these
  coordinates
• W 10522'30" -- W 10515'00"/N 4007'30" -- N
  4000'00"

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Unique Notes

• General order of notes, see the Map Cataloging
  Manual, chapter 3
• http//www.itsmarc.com/crs/map0852.htm
• Nature and scope (Relief, Date of situation,
  Shows, etc.)
• Source of title
• Contents (such as Includes, Insets, On verso,
  etc.)
• If relief is shown on the map, this note
  (Relief shown by) comes first

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Geographic subject headings

• Maps always have a geographic component to the
  subject(s)
• Sometimes the geographic area is the only subject
• Sometimes the geographic area is a subdivision of
  a topical subject

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Classification (Library of Congress)

• Geographic area
• Subject cutter
• Year (or scale)
• Main entry cutter
• ex G4311.P2 2007 b .W7
• would be a road map showing all of Colorado in
  2007, drawn by me (Laura Wright)

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Sample Records

• Best of Boulder, Colorado 2006-2007
• Boulder Sanborn maps (print and electronic
  versions)
• Colorado circa 1880 (a reproduction)

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(No Transcript)
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• LANG engEnglish CAT DATE 08-03-2006 BCODE3 -
• SKIP 4 CAT LEVEL oORIGINAL COUNTRY wyuWyoming
• LOCATION map MAP LIBRARY ARL STATS dMAPS/GLOBES
• MARC Leader nem 22Ia 4500
• o 001 70825660
• y 003 OCoLC
• y 005 20060803015144.0
• y 007 aj canzn
• y 008 060803s2006 wyu a 1 eng
  d
• y 034 0 a
• y 040 CODcCOD
• y 043 n-us-co
• y 049 COD
• y 052 4314bB5
• c 090 G4314.B5E635 2006b.R42
• y 090 G4314.B5E635 2006b.R42
• a 110 2 Resort Maps (Firm)
• t 245 1 4 The best of Boulder, Colorado
  b2006-2007 /cResortmaps.com
• e 255 Not drawn to scale

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(No Transcript)
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• LANG engEnglish CAT DATE 08-16-2006 BCODE3 -
• SKIP 0 CAT LEVEL oORIGINAL COUNTRY nyuNew York
• LOCATION map MAP LIBRARY ARL STATS dMAPS/GLOBES
• MARC Leader cem 22Ia 4500
• o 001 62147869
• y 003 OCoLC
• y 005 20060816051217.0
• y 007 aj canzn
• y 008 051025s1886 nyu a 0 eng
  d
• y 034 1 ab600
• y 040 CODcCODdCOD
• y 043 n-us-co
• y 049 COD
• y 052 4314bB5
• c 090 G4314.B5G475 1886b.S3
• y 090 G4314.B5G475 1886b.S3
• a 110 2 Sanborn Map Publishing Co
• t 245 1 0 Boulder, Col. insurance map
  /cSanborn Map Publishing Co., Limited
• u 246 3 3 Boulder, Colorado

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(No Transcript)
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• LANG engEnglish CAT DATE 10-08-2001 BCODE3 -
• SKIP 0 CAT LEVEL mMEMBER COUNTRY nyuNew York
• LOCATION map MAP LIBRARY ARL STATS dMAPS/GLOBES
• MARC Leader nem 22Ia 4500
• o 001 41362473
• y 003 OCoLC
• y 005 20011008151619.0
• y 007 aj aafzn
• y 008 990514r19uu1880nyud a 0 eng
  d
• y 034 1 ab1267200dW1093600eW1012400fN0410000
  gN0370000
• y 040 CMIcCMI
• y 043 n-us-co
• y 049 COD
• y 052 4310
• c 090 G4310 1880b.C6 19--
• y 090 G4310 1880b.C6 19--
• t 245 1 0 Colorado circa 1880
• e 255 Scale ca. 11,267,200c(W 10936'--W
  10124'/N 4100'--N 3700')
• p 260 Albany, N.Y. bJonathan Sheppard
  Books,c19--

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Further reading

• Links  
• Map Cataloging Manual (from Library of Congress)
  http//www.itsmarc.com/crs/map0001.htm
• OCLC Bibliographic Formats Standards (MARC
  tags) http//www.oclc.org/bibformats/default.htm
  
• Geographic Area Codes (field 043)
  http//www.loc.gov/marc/geoareas/
• U.S. States Coordinates (on MAGERT site)
  http//www.ala.org/ala/magert/publicationsab/usa.h
  tm
• Road Map Date Codes (on WAML site)
  http//www.waml.org/datecode.html
• Map Librarian's Toolbox, Cataloging Processing
  section. From the Western Association of Map
  Libraries (WAML).
• Gazetteers GNIS (for U.S. place names)
  and GEONet Names Server (for non-U.S. place
  names) 
• Texts 
• Cartographic Materials a manual of
  interpretation for AACR2. 2nd ed. (edited by
  Elizabeth U. Mangan.) American Library
  Association, 2003. (Available also via
  Catalogers Desktop)
• Larsgaard, Mary Lynette. Map Librarianship an
  introduction. Libraries Unlimited, 1998. (3rd
  ed.)
• Andrew, Paige G. Cataloging Sheet Maps the
  basics. Haworth Information Press, 2003.

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Map Workform Template

• Maps Workform (default paper map, color)
• Type e Elvl I Srce Relf Ctrl Lang
• BLvl m SpFm GPub SpFm Mrec Ctry
• CrTp Index Proj DtSt s Dates ,
• Desc a
• 007    a ?b j ?d c ?e a ?f n ?g z ?h n
• 020   ______
• 034 _  a ?b ___?d ____?e _____?f _____?g _____
• 043   _______________
• 052   _______________
• 090    _______________________________
• 1XX _ _ _______________________________________.
• 245 _ _ _______________________ ?b
  _________________
• / ?c ____________________.
• 246 _ _ ________________________________________
• 250   _________________________________________
• 255   Scale ___________________ ?b
  ___________________ proj.
• ?c (______________________).
• 260    _____________ ?b _______________, ?c
  _____________.

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Resources

• Map Scale Indicators -- each USD 18.00 (as of
  2006) -- postage and packing included
• Order from
• Clifford H. Wood, PhD
• Professor (Retired), Memorial University
• P.O. Box 225
• Ilderton, Ontario
• CANADA N0M 2A0
• tel. [phone]
• net cliffordwood_91_at_sympatico.ca

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Resources

• Degrees, Minutes, and Seconds symbols in OCLC
• For degrees, use the degree sign (not
  superscript zero)
• For minutes, use miagkii znak
• For seconds, use tverdyi znak

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Thanks to

• Susan Moore
• Mary Larsgaard
• Paige Andrew
• Christopher J.J. Thiry
• and The Cat in the Hat