IA Samples

1
IA Samples

• In groups of 4 or 5 read the sample.
• Come to a consensus as to what grade each student
  should receive for each section based on the
  rubric and add the marks together.
• Come up with a list of strengths and weaknesses
  of the paper.

2
Group Roles

• Moderator
• Reporter
• Recorder
• Time keeper

3
Latin America 1900-1950

• Background

4
IB Objectives

• Latin Americas responses to the Depression
  either Vargas or the Concordancia in Argentina
  Import Substitution Industrialization (ISI) or
  any relevant case study of a Latin American
  country

5
Lecture Outline

• Latin America 1900-1950
• A. Industrialization
• B. Effects of WWI
• C. Effects of Industrialization
• D. Populist leaders
• E. Great Depression
• F. Effects of WWII

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Key Terms

• Populism
• Import Substitution Industrialization (ISI)

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Foreign Intervention

• U.S. and Europe continued to dominate the economy
  of Latin America with the U.S. gradually
  replacing Britain as the primary economic and
  political power in the region.

8
Industrialization

• Reinforced the 19th century trend towards
  urbanization, the decline of small family farms
  and craftsmen, and the growth of the urbanized
  middle and unskilled working classes.
• Was limited to light consumer goods

9
Effects of WWI

• WWI seriously disrupted the traditional
  import-export markets of Latin America. As a
  result, some local capital and labor were
  diverted from agriculture to manufacturing in an
  effort to supply missing goods.

10
Role of the military

• Industrialization decreased the power of the
  landed elite so they often turned to the military
  to preserve their interests.
• Most military officers were of the middle class
  but their primary concerns were social order and
  strengthening the nation.

11
Role of the military

• The armys support would be thrown to either the
  traditional oligarchy or to the new urban
  nationalists depending on the officers
  perception of which of the two groups could
  secure order and progress.

12
Populist Leaders

• To gain political power the new urbanized upper
  and middle classes were forced to join with other
  alienated groups.
• These populist groups typically pursued programs
  that included limited agrarian reform, greater
  social expenditures, tariffs, industrialization,
  and expansion of rights.

13
Populist leaders

• Often used nationalism and a resentment of the
  U.S. as political tools to attack the traditional
  import-export power structure.
• In the hacienda and foreign businesses populist
  politicians has highly visible enemies.

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The Great Depression

• Convinced Latin American nationalists that
  exporting raw materials and importing finished
  goods put Latin America at a permanent economic
  disadvantage.
• After the Depression nationalists argued that the
  development of a manufacturing base would make
  their economies more self-sustaining and stable.

15
Effects of WWII

• Increased demand for Latin American goods which
  allowed Latin American countries to pay off their
  debts and accumulate capital for investment in
  industrialization.

16
ISI

• Industrialization by substituting domestically
  produced products for imports.
• State placed protective tariffs on the imports it
  planned to replace.
• Protected industries were given low interest
  loans and guaranteed prices.

17
Effects of ISI

• Massive expansion of states involvement in the
  economy
• Dramatic increase in a countrys budget.
• High prices on locally produced goods
• Sluggish industrial output
• Mounting foreign debts
• Persistent inflation

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Effects of ISI

• Increased urbanization During the 1950s the
  urban population of Latin America grew at an
  annual rate of 4.5, while rural areas only grew
  at a rate of 1.5. By 1960 about 46 of Latin
  Americas population lived in urban areas.
• Decrease in farm production

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BBF 250-256

• Populism
• Getulio Vargas
• Juan Peron

20
Born in Blood and Fire p.217-229

• Nationalism
• Jose Battle y Ordonez
• Hipolito Yrigoyen
• Import Substitution Industrialization