?6? ?????? II

1
?????
???????????????????? ????????????????????????????
?????? A.???? B.??????? C.??? D.??? E.????
F.????????? G.???? H.?? I.???? J.????? I
K.????? II L.??????? ?????????? ??????????????????
???????????????? ?????????? A??E??????????????????
?F?????????? ???????G??I?????????????????????J??L?
??????????????????????????????????? ?????????????
??
2
B ??????????
????? (B.1) ??????????? ????????????????????????
? (B.2) ???? ???????????????????????????????
???????????????????????? (B.3) ? (shell) ?
??X? ???????????????????????????????
????????????????????? ??? ??????
??????????????????????????????? X????????
(B.4) ? (term), ?? (level), ?? (state)
???????????????????????????????????
????????????????????????? (B.5) ? (term)???
(level)?? ?????????????????????????????????
3
B.1.???????????
????????????????????????? 1).?????????????????????
???????????? ????????n ????(1,2?...)
l ?????(0, 1, ...n-1, n)
m ????? -l. (l-1), ...(l-1), l
ms ????????
(-1/2, 1/2) ???????? 2).?????????? l
???? s ??????????, Ll1 l2 l3 ... S
s1 s2 s3 ... ????????????? 3).L ? S
?????????????? J L S ????????????? ???????????
????????1),2),3) ?????????????????????????????????
??????????
4
????????????
????
????????????????? (n, l) ??????????????(n1,l1)?(n
2,l2).?....(nk,lk) ????????????????????????
?
?????????? Ll1 l2 l3 ... ? S s1 s2
s3 ... ??????????
??
L, S ?????????? J L S ??????????
??
L, S, J ?????????? J ?z??M???????????
?? ???? ?
?? ??
(configuration) (term)
(level) (state) ??? (n1,l1)(n2,l2)....(nk,lk
) S, L S, L, J
S, L, J, M ???
(2S1)(2L1) 2J1 1
5
B.2.???? (configuration)
????????????????????????? n???? (principal
quantum number) 1, 2, 3, 4, ... l?????
(azymuthal quantum number) 0, 1, ...,
n-1 m????? (magnetic quantum number)
-l, -(l-1), -1, 0, 1, ...(l-1). l ???? n
?????(????shell)???????????? K,L,M,...?
?????l????????????l0? s?l1? p?l2? d?...

???? n 1(K) 2(L) 2(L) 2(L) 2(L) 3(M) 3(M) 3(M) 3(M)
????? l 0(s) 0(s) 1(p) 1(p) 1(p) 0(s) 1(p) 1(p) 1(p)
????? m 0 0 -1 0 1 0 -1 0 1
??? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ??
???? n 3(M)(??) 3(M)(??) 3(M)(??) 3(M)(??) 3(M)(??)
????? l 2(d) 2(d) 2(d) 2(d) 2(d)
????? m -2 -1 0 1 2
??? ?? ?? ?? ?? ??
????? n4(N), 5(O),6(P)
6
??n???l?(???????????)?????????????????????????????
????????????? ? ??????nl(??)??????????????????
(nl)???????????????????? n l 1s 2s 2p
3s 3p 4s 3d 4p 5s 4d . nl 1
2 3 3 4 4 5 5 5
..

?????????????????????????
H He 1s (1s)2 Li
Be (1s)22s (1s)2(2s)2  B
C N O
F Ne (1s)2(2s)22p
(1s)2(2s)2(2p) 2 (1s)2(2s)2(2p) 3
(1s)2(2s)2(2p) 4 (1s)2(2s)2(2p) 5
(1s)2(2s)2(2p) 6
7
(??) (?????Cr?Cu????????????)
Na Mg ..(2p) 6(3s)
..(2p) 6(3s)2 Al Si
P S Cl
Ar .(3s)23p ..
(3s)2(3p) 2 .. (3s)2(3p) 3 ..
(3s)2(3p) 4 .. (3s)2(3p) 5 .. (3s)2(3p) 6  
K Ca (3p) 64s (3p)
6 (4s)2 Sc
Ti V
Cr Mn (3p)
63d(4s)2 (3p) 6 (3d)2 (4s)2 (3p) 6
(3d)3 (4s)2 (3p) 6 (3d)5 4s (3p) 6
(3d)5 (4s)2   Fe
Co Ni
Cu Zn (3p) 6 (3d)6
(4s)2 (3p) 6 (3d)7 (4s)2 (3p) 6 (3d)8 (4s)2
(3p) 6 (3d)10 4s (3p) 6 (3d)10 (4s)2
8
B.3.? (shell) ? ??X? (characteristic X-ray)
Ka? ????????? n1????????K???(K?)??????
X?????????K???(n1)???????????????????L???(n2)
????????????????L????K???????????????X????????????
Ka???????M???(n3) ??K???????????Kß????
???L?????????????????M???????????? La?????????????
Ka?
X?
K???
L???
9
Ka??Kß?????????????????????X??????????X???????(??)
?????????????????????
???????X??????
Astrophysical Quantities ??
10
????????????????X?????????????????????????????????
???????
11
???????X??????(2)
Astrophysical Quantities ??
12
???????????????????????????????? ?????????????????
???????
ISAS??????????
13
B.4.? (term), ?? (level), ?? (state),
k??????????????k?????????????????
????????(configuration)???? ??k?????????????????L?
S?????????L?S?????????(term)??????
?????J??L?S??????? JLS ??????????????????J??????
???????????(level)?????? ????J?z??M???????????????
??????????????(state)?????? ??????????????????????
????????
??
???
??? ???? ( configuration) (n1l1)
(n2l2)(nklk) ? ( term )
(n1l1) (n2l2)(nklk) SL
(2S1)(2L1) ?? (level)
(n1l1) (n2l2)(nklk) SLJ 2J1 ?? (
state) (n1l1)
(n2l2)(nklk) SLJM 1 S s1 s2 sk
L l1 l2 . lk JSL MJz
14
??????????(?)???????(?)???????????(??)????????????
????(??)???????????
??(state) L,S,J,M 1
??(level) L,S,J (2J1)
?(term) L,S (2L1)(2S1)
?? ??? ???
?
line
multiplet
????????L?l????? L 0 1 2 3
?? S P D F
?(term)? 2S1L ????????? (L,S) (2,0) (1,1)
(0,0)
2S1L 1D 3P 1S
15
? (Term)???
??????????????????(shell)?????????????????????????
???? L ? S ?????? Ll1l2l3l4l5... ... lK-1
lK L10 L20 S10
S20 ??????? n 1 ?K????? l1 ? l2
?????????L1? ?????S1????n 2 ?L??????????????? ??
??????????????????????????????????????????????L
l1 l2 . lk ????????????????????????????????
????????????
????????????????? L S l ??????S S s
????????????? (term) ?????? ??(n1l1)
(n2l2)(nklk) SL ???????? LSl, SSs,
JLS (LS??)
16
(A) ??????????????????????????????
???????????????He, Ne, Ar ?????????
?????????????? L S l 0, S S s
0 ?????? ????????????? 2S1L 1S
(B) ???????????????????????????
???????nl(??)???????????????????
????????????????????????????? l 0? s
????????????? s ?????????
????????????????? ??????????3??????? (1s)22s
??? ?????K?? 1s ??2?????????????L?? 2s
???1???????????L0?S1/2 ???
????????????2S1L 2S
17
???????????????????????????
(1)??????????? (2)???????????? (3)????????????? (4
)?????????????(l,s) ???????? (5)?????????? (L, S)
???????? (6)???????????????????
????
?????
18
(C) ???????????????????????????
2????????l????(?????) ????????
??????????????????????????????? ????
p??(l1)d??(l2) ????????? L12 ? L3
(F), 2(D), 1(P) S 1/21/2 ? S 1,
0 2S1L 1P, 1D, 1F, 3P, 3D, 3F
(S?L?????????)
(D)?????????????????????????? l ?????????????????
L ?????????????????????????????
??????????2??p?? (l1)???????3?
?p???????????????????????????
????p??????????????????? ????p???????????????????
19
???????p??(l1) ???????( term )
???p??(l1)???????? ml(1,0?-1)? ms(1/2?-1/2)
?????????????????????? ???(L,S)???????????????????
????? ?????????? ???????????????????
f1(l1?ml?s1/2?ms)?f2(l1?ml?s1/2?ms)???
????? L l1l2? Ss1s2 ????? F(L? ML?S? MS
)?????????????????????? ?????????????(L,S)?????
????????? ???(L.S)??????????????z???ML-L,
-(L?1),...(L-1),L ? MS-S, -(S?1),...(S-1),S
20
???????????????????????????????? f1(l11?ml1?s11/
2?ms1)f2(l12?ml2?s2 1/2?ms2)???? MLml1ml2?MSm
S1mS2?????????????????? ?????????????(ms1/2),
?(ms - 1/2) ????????????????????? ML? MS
????????
21
???????p??2????15??????????????????L,S???????15???
??15???????????????? S ml ML??????????2????MS0??
?????L2?S0??????????????????(L1,0??? ML
2???????L3?????? ML3??????)????L2,S0?????????
?????????????Ms0??ML2,1,0?-1?-2??????????
?????( ml ms) ( 1, 1/2) ( 1, -1/2)
?(L?S)????????????(L,S)???????????????????????? ??
???(ML, MS)????????? (ML, MS) (1,1)??????L1,S1?
?(X?)?????????????? (ML, MS) (1,1) (1,0) (1,-1)
(0,1) (0,0) (0,-1) (-1,1) (-1,0) (-1,-1) ??? ( ml
ms) ?9?????????
????(ML, MS) (0,0)?????????????L0,S0??????????
??
???????? 2????p????? (L,S)(2,0)?(1,1)?(0,0)??????
?????????? (L,S) (2,1)?(1,0)?????????
22
??????????????????? ?????????????3??? f1( 1,
1/2) f2 ( 0, ?1/2)????????????????????L2?S0????
??????????? L2,S0, ML 1?MS0??? f1( 1, 1/2)
f2 ( 0, -1/2)? f1( 1, -1/2) f2 ( 0,
1/2)????????????????????????
23
(D)3??????????? (C)???????????????p??3?????
3? 4S, 2P, 2D ?????????????p??2??????????????
? 4? 1D, 3P, 1S 5? 2P
????????????p??4??p??2??p??5??1??
????????????????????????????????
24
?? (level)
??????????(term)?? L ? S ??????????????L ? S
?????????? J ( L S ) ??????????????J
???????????????????? ?? J ???????? ?? (level)
???????????? L ? S ??? ???????J?????????????????
??????S,L,J????? 2S1LJ ?????????????????????????
?????????(fine structure)??????
25
???? p???2?????????????
????? J ?z??MJ?????? (state) ? 2J1
??????? ????MJ????????????????????????????????????
?????????
???? p???3?????????????????????????????????????
26
s????Na????????????(1s)2(2s)2(2p) 6 (3s) ???(1)
Na?????L ? S ????????(2) Na??????(term)
????????(3) Na?????J????????(4)
Na???????(level) ????????(5) Na????3s????????3p??
?????????????? L?S????????(6)
Na????(3p)??????????(7) Na????(3p)?J????????(8)
Na????(3p)???(level) ????????(9)
Na??????????(3p)????????????????????(10)
?????????(state)??????????????????
????? D?
27
s??????????Li, Na, K, Sc,..??????????s???1????

B.5.? (term)??? (level)??
??????????? ??????????????????????Te lt 5000 K
(K????? ) ????K?Na ????????????
?? Eion(eV) Li(2s) 5.4 Na(3s)
5.1 K (4s) 4.3 Rb(5s) 4.2 Cs
(6s) 3.9  
He
Ne
Ar
H
B
Na
Al
Li
K
28
s???1Na
?????D1?D2????????????
(1s)2(2s)2(2p) 6 (3s) 2S1/2 ????
3s?? ??gt L0, S1/2, J1/2 ? 2S1/2 ?1????
3p?? ??gt L1, S1/2, J1/2, ? 2P1/2

??gt L1, S1/2, J3/2, ? 2P3/2
2P ?(term) S1/2, L1
D2 line 5889 A
D1 line 5896 A
2S ?(term) S1/2, L0
29
Na D???
???????(??)
D??????
????D1???????
30
(s)???2 Ca II (Ca??????)
Ca II ?????????? (1s)2(2s)2 (2p)6 (3s)2 (3p)6
(4s) 2S ????? (1s)2(2s)2 (2p)6 (3s)2
(3p)6 (3d) 2D ?
(1s)2(2s)2 (2p)6 (3s)2 (3p)6 (4p) 2P ????
CaII triplet
31
????????? CaII H,K? (?????????)K??H?????????????
?K ??D2?H??D1??????????
32
?????????? CaII ??? (Olzewski 1991
??)????????????(H,He?????)?????????????????
M79 237
Fe/H0.06
NGC288 20C
47 Tuc 5312
Melotte66 1242
M67 IV-202
Fe/H-1.70
33
(p)2???
(p)2???1NII Ground -level (1s)2(2s)2
(2p)2 3P (p)2 ? ????
1D, 3P, 1S ? (term) ?????
NII (2p)2
34
(p)2???2OIII
(2p)2 1D, 3P, 1S
35
?????M57
??????OIII ??? ??????HaNII??????????? ???????
?????????
36
(p)3???
(p)3???1 OII (2p)3
37
(p)3??? 2SII
SII (3p)3
38
???????
????????O???????????????????????Ha????????????????
???????????????????????????????
39
???????????????????????????
(1)??????????? (2)???????????? (3)????????????? (4
)?????????????(l,s) ???????? (5)?????????? (L, S)
???????? (6)???????????????????
11 (1s) 2(2s) 2(2p) 6(3s) M? 1? (0, 1/2) (0,
1/2) 2S
????
?????
40
s????Na????????????(1s)2(2s)2(2p) 6 (3s) ???(1)
Na?????L ? S ????????(2) Na??????(term)
????????(3) Na?????J????????(4)
Na???????(level) ????????(5) Na????3s????????3p??
?????????????? L?S????????(6)
Na????(3p)??????????(7) Na????(3p)?J????????(8)
Na????(3p)???(level) ????????(9)
Na??????????(3p)????????????????????(10)
?????????(state)??????????????????
????? D?
(1)L0, S1/2 (2) 2S (3) J1/2
(4) 2S1/2 (5) (1s) 2(2s) 2(2p) 6(3p) L1,
S1/2 (6) 2P (7) J 1/2, 3/2 (8)
2P1/2 , 2P3/2 (9) ? (10) g(2P1/2)2,
g(2P3/2)4