It

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Its their cloud, not yours!
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contents

• residents visitors
• bring your own everything
• approaches to personalisation
• emerging issues
• the personal cloud a glimpse at a future
• how do we respond?

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residents visitors
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Web-users are either residents or visitors

• a new way of framing types of users conceived by
  David White (Oxford University)
• We found that our students could not be usefully
  categorised as Digital Natives or Digital
  Immigrants. i.e. This distinction does not help
  guide the implementation of technologies it
  simply provides the excuse that some people
  just dont get it which is why your new
  approach has failed so badly
• In effect the Resident has a presence online
  which they are constantly developing while the
  Visitor logs on, performs a specific task and
  then logs off.

http//tallblog.conted.ox.ac.uk/index.php/2008/07/
23/not-natives-immigrants-but-visitors-residents/
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bring your own everything
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bring your own device?
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bring your own infrastructure!
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approaches to personalisation
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It's Not Information Overload. It's Filter
Failure
Clay Shirky, 2008
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building better filters
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library activity data

• The University of Huddersfield Library
• We have collected 3.9 million library
  circulation records over 15 years.
• If you do not use the library, you are over
  seven times more likely to drop out of your
  degree. 7.19 to be precise."

http//www.jisc.ac.uk/publications/reports/2012/ac
tivity-data-delivering-benefits.aspx
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Local context, expressed as activity data

• analytics are fashionable
• evidence-based service provision is the goal
• highly responsive service delivery is something
  to aim for
• predictive analytics are the holy grail

http//www.jisc.ac.uk/publications/reports/2012/ac
tivity-data-delivering-benefits.aspx
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Jerome axes of personalisation

• Where?
• which campus do you study on? Which library do
  you want to use? how far from the University do
  you live? Are you a distance learner/researcher?
• Who?
• are you a student? Undergraduate or postgrad? Or
  a member of staff? Teaching- or research-focused
  or both? Or maybe youre one of our Associate
  Readers or a visitor to the Library?
• What?
• which subject(s) do you study/teach/research,
  within which of the Universitys faculties?
• http//jerome.blogs.lincoln.ac.uk/

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emerging issuesaccuracy, privacy, control
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poor characterisations of individual users

• current recommender systems do not work so well,
  especially when the context is broad. Within a
  single, focussed application, they can be made to
  work, but not across the internet
• data is gathered anonymously and from poorly
  differentiated contexts
• this adds up to what Eli Pariser, in The Filter
  Bubble, calls
• a bad theory of you

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cookies
From the Wall Street Journals What do they Know
About You?
"The one site that installed the most was
Dictionary.com. A visit to Dictionary.com
resulted in 234 trackers being installed on our
test computer ... the vast majority of the
trackers (200 out of 234) were installed by
companies that the person visiting the site
probably had never heard of." http//www.npr.org/t
emplates/story/story.php?storyId129298003
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privacy, control the Facebook experiment

• we gain personalised services at the expense of
  the possibility of having any control over what
  were willing to reveal
• the regular mistakes made by Facebook have all
  eroded the users control over their privacy in
  the system by making it very, very hard to
  understand
• contract of adhesion - a contract between
  parties of greatly unequal bargaining power....
• http//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Friedrich_Kessler
• but - this is not the internet, its just one
  application. Facebook will fade....
• the world is experimenting with privacy

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uncoordinated personalisation everywhere

• the only place this can really be coordinated in
  a future-proof way is by the client
• either acting directly as a user
• or
• through some proxy which is instructed and
  trusted by the user
• attention (data) is a valuable currency

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expectations are changing - VRM

• from Customer Relationship Manager (CRM) to
  Vendor Relationship Management (VRM)
• Principles of VRM
• Customers must enter relationships with vendors
  as independent actors
• Customers must be the points of integration for
  their own data
• Customers must have control of data they generate
  and gather. This means they must be able to share
  data selectively and voluntarily
• Customers must be able to assert their own terms
  of engagement
• Customers must be free to express their demands
  and intentions outside of any one company's
  control
• http//cyber.law.harvard.edu/projectvrm/Main_Page

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the personal cloud a glimpse at a future
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The Personal Cloud will replace the Personal
Computer as the centre of users' digital lives by
2014
http//www.gartner.com/it/page.jsp?id1947315
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defining the personal cloud (1)

• those remote, digital services used by you,
  personally
• essentially, you have your own infrastructure,
  provided by a number of suppliers
• you choose (within quite narrow constraints)
  which systems you use

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defining the personal cloud (2)

• as for definition 1, but with the following
  constraints
• data you decide what data to store and control
  access to it
• apps you decide which apps to use from which
  vendors and what data they can access
• terms you define your own terms of service for
  anybody interacting with the data or the apps on
  your personal cloud. You can easily move your
  personal cloud to a competing hosting vendor if
  you so desire

http//personal-clouds.org/wiki/Main_Page
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VRM fourth parties

• a new type of business on the net
• third parties who work for the user, rather than
  the service provider
• the fourth party represents the users interests
• in other words, an agent, or broker, or mediator
• a new breed of companies providing such services
  starting to appear

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the live web

• a very different way of looking at the Web
• the Web is fundamentally based on a
  request-response paradigm
• the requests can be enriched by applying
  contextual information supplied by the client -
  under the control of the user
• mixing APIs, rules and events
• when this event happens, send this message to
  this service

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the future - APIs for users?

• agents which can act as the users persona -
  presenting a constrained and focussed interface
  to the world
• filters which learn and adapt to changing
  priorities, sources rules in a chaotic world
• a secure place for them to curate data about
  themselves and their preferences
• resulting in
• systems which use contextual information curated
  by the user or by their agent, and which deliver
  accurately personalised services and
  recommendations

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how do we respond?
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responsive (Web?) design
Image taken from the Kineo website
http//www.kineo.com/mobile-learning/responsive-e-
learning-for-multi-devices.html

• designing for interaction with users through the
  same systems interface but on different
• devices (desktop laptop computers, tablets,
  smart-phones, even not-so-smart phones)
• applications (apps)

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new patterns - notifications, trusted
application...

• users have expectations about the sorts of
  features they expect from online services, e.g.
• notifications - presented in a standard way (not
  so much through RSS as through dedicated apps)
• integration and trust relationships between
  systems they are already happily using - e.g.
  OAuth

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changing attitude of institutional IT support

• BYOE is welcome opportunity for customers,
  unwelcome problem for staff
• What excites IT leaders in higher education most
  about BYOE are opportunities to diversify and
  expand the teaching and learning environment,
  while the greatest challenges are issues that
  pertain to faculty and staff use of their own
  devices for work-related purposes.
• IT infrastructure is middle-ware between
  institution and users infrastructure
• Think of IT infrastructure as BYOE "middleware"
  the commodities that bridge users, their devices,
  and their consumer-level applications to the
  institution's data, services, systems, and
  enterprise-level applications. IT middleware
  should be robust, yet nimble.
• Eden Dahlstrom, BYOD and Consumerization of IT in
  Higher Education Research, 2013,
• http//www.educause.edu/ero/article/executive-summ
  ary-byod-and-consumerization-it-higher-education-r
  esearch-2013

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serve residents visitors

• build a picture of which of your users are
  residents, and which are visitors
• be mindful that users who are visitors in the
  library context, may be residents elsewhere
• consider how you might reach out to the residents
  in their wider residency
• consider how library services (will) appear in
  each users personal cloud

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turn the problem into an opportunity

• new literacies
• Those of us who work with students must guide
  them to build their own personal
  cyberinfrastructures ... And yes, we must be
  ready to receive their guidance as well.
• Gardner Campbell, A Personal Cyberinfrastructure,
  http//www.educause.edu/ero/article/personal-cyber
  infrastructure
• we should surely embrace this empowerment of the
  user?
• Very few faculty or administrators are curious
  enough about the Internet, or eager enough to
  learn about the participatory culture it
  empowers, to even begin to imagine how to use or
  empower personal, interactive, networked
  computing in meaningful, effective ways in
  teaching and learning.
• Gardner Campbell http//www.educause.edu/ero/artic
  le/wild-card-character-bring-your-own-panel-discus
  sion

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implications for the library

• we need to
• be ready to anticipate a growing demand from our
  users that they control the relationship more
  than we
• be ready to respond to pressure to reform how
  users activities are tracked (c.f. new Cookie
  legislation)
• consider how our services (will) fit into each
  users personal cloud
• the library system
• the notion of the user visiting the library
  system to find resources will become increasingly
  anachronistic
• browsing as a human activity will fall away,
  search is king for now
• over time, search will gradually become less
  apparent to the user too
• the ratio of software to human agents
  interfacing with the LMS will shift away from the
  human

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thank you!
Paul Walk paul_at_paulwalk.net _at_paulwalk http//www.
paulwalk.net
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image credits

• Iphone http//commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/FileIph
  one_4G.jpg
• Google logo http//commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Fil
  eGooglelogo.png
• iCloud http//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FileApple_iC
  loud.png
• Amazon http//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FileAmazon.c
  om-Logo.svg
• Amazon Kindle http//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FileA
  mazon_Kindle_logo.svg