DECEMBER 7, 1988 SPITAK, ARMENIA EARTHQUAKE

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DECEMBER 7, 1988 SPITAK, ARMENIA EARTHQUAKE

• WALTER HAYS
• GLOBAL INSTITUTE FOR ENERGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL
  SYSTEMS

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SPITAK EARTHQUAKE
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SPITAK EARTHQUAKE

• SPITAK WAS IN THE BULLS EYE
• HOSPITALS AND SCHOOLS COLLAPSED
• SEARCH AND RESCUE NEDED TO SAVE TRAPPED VICTIMS

• M6.8
• 1141 AM LOCAL TIME
• BLIND THRUST FAULT

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SPITAK EARTHQUAKE

• AT LEAST 25,000 KILLED
• IF THE QUAKE HAD OCCURRED 5 MINUTES LATER,
  CHILDREN WOULD HAVE BEEN OUTSIDE THE COLLAPSED
  SCHOOLS

• NEW CONCRETE FRAME BUILDINGS PERFORMED POORLY
• SCHOOLS PERFORMED POORLY

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SPITAK EARTHQUAKE

• HOSPITALS PERFORMED POORLY

• MEDICAL SERVICES WERE UNAVAILABLE IN THE HOUR OF
  GREATEST NEED.

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SPITAK EARTHQUAKE

• PRESIDENT GORBACHAV WAS GUEST OF PRESIDENT REAGAN
  AND PRESIDENT-ELECT BUSH IN NEW YORK AT TIME OF
  QUAKE

• SOME 70 COUNTRIES SENT PEOPLE AND SUPPLIES
• UNESCO HELPED PLAN RECOVERY
• RECONSTRUCTION COSTS OF ABOUT 16 BILLION

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SPITAK EARTHQUAKE UN-ANCHORED FLOOR PLANKS
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SPITAK EARTHQUAKE UN-REINFORCED MASONRY
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SPITAK EARTHQUAKE UN-REINFORCED MASONRY
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SPITAK EARTHQUAKE CONCRETE FRAME BUILDINGS
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SPITAK EARTHQUAKE NEW BUILDINGS PERFORMED POORLY
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SOIL AMPLIFICATION EXACERBATED DAMAGE
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SPITAK EARTHQUAKE CULTURAL HERITAGE
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SPITAK EARTHQUAKE DEBRIS AND TRAFFIC HINDERED EM
RESPONSE
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SPITAK EARTHQUAKE SEARCH AND RESCUE
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WHAT HAPPENED AFTER THE SPITAK EARTHQUAKE

• EARTHQUAKE ENGINEERING EMERGED AS A HIGH PRIORITY
• THE AMERICAN UNIVERSITY OF ARMENIA WAS
  ESTABLISNED TO BUILD TECHNICAL CAPACITY

• BLIND THRUST FAULTS WERE AVOIDED
• SEISMIC DESIGN PROVISIONS WERE UPGRADED
• THE NEW SPITAK IS A 4-STORY CITY WITH MORE
  ATT-ENTION TO DETAIL