??? ARM??????

1
???ARM??????
??????(Microprocessor System)

• Ping-Liang Lai (???)
•  

2
????

• 1.1 ???????
• 1.1.1 ??????????
• 1.1.2 ???????
• 1.1.3 MU0 ????????
• 1.1.4 ??????
• 1.1.5 ??
• 1.2 ARM??????
• 1.3 ARM???????

3
1.1.1 ?????????? (1/2)

• ??????? (Computer architecture)
• ?????????????????????? (register)?????????????????
  ???????????
• ????? (Computer organization)
• ???????????????????????????????? (Cache) ????
  (table-working)?????????? (Translation Look-aside
  Buffer, TLB)?
• ???????
• ?????????????????????? (finite-state automaton)?
• ??????? (stored-program computer)
• ??????????????????????????,???????????????
• ?????
• ??? (embedded)??,?????????????????

4
1.1.1 ?????????? (2/2)
5
???????

• Command
• 1 Load AC from Memory
• 2 Store AC to memory
• 5 Add to AC from memory
• Add the contents of memory 940 to the content of
  memory 941 and stores the result at 941

Fetch
Execution
6
1.1.2 ??????? (abstraction)

• ????????
• ??? (Transistors)
• ??? (Logic gates)
• ????
• ??? (Truth table)

7
????? (Levels of abstraction)

1. ???
2. ??????????????
3. ????? (single-bit adders) ???? (multiplexers)
   ???? (decoder)???? (flip-flops)
4. ??????? (word-wide adders) ????????????????
   (buses)
5. ALU (??????) ?????? (barrel shifter) ?????
   (register banks)????? (memory blocks)
6. ????Cache????????
7. ?????????Cache???????????
8. ??????
9. ????? (PCB)
10. ?????PC????????

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???? (Gate-level design)

1. ???????
2. ????
3. ?????
4. ???
5. ?? (clocks)
6. ???? (sequential circuits)
7. ??? (latches)???? (flip-flops)
8. ????

9
1.1.3 MU0 ????????

• ??????????????????
• ????? (program counter, PC) ????????????
• ??? (accumulator, ACC) ??? ????????????
• ?????? (arithmetic-logic unit, ALU) ?????????
  (operands) ??????,?????????
• ????? (instruction register, IR) ????????
• ?????????? ????????????????? ?
• MUn, ??1?n ?6,???????????????????
• ?????????MU0,??????????????????
• MU0?????????,???????????????????

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MU0 ??? (1/2)

• MU0 12???????16???
• 4096???????
• 16??????
• ???????8KB?
• MU0??????16??
• 4?????? (opcode),?????16???
• 12?????? (S)?

11
MU0 ??? (2/2)

• ???????????16????????8?

12
MU0 ????

• ??? (logical order)?????
• ???? (The datapath) ?????????????????????????????
  ,???????????? ALU????????????????????????????
  (Register Transfer Level, RTL)?????
• ???? (The control logic) ???????????????????,????
  ??? (Finite State Machine, FSM)????????

13
?????? (1/2)

• ????? ?????/? (R/W)?? (???/??????????? (clock
  cycle)
• ?????????????????????????????
• LDA ? STO ? ADD ? SUB????????
• JMP ? JGE ? JNE?????

14
?????? (2/2)
15
??????

• ???????????????? (IR) ??,??????
• ??????????????????
• ???????????,??,???????????,?ALU???????????,???????
  ?
• ???????????????????
• ???????????
• ??PC???????????,???????
• ???????,???????ALU??1,??????PC?

16
???? (1/2)

• ??????????????,????????????,??????????????????
• ???????????? (FSM)
• MU0?????????,??????? ????? ?????,???1???????????
  (Ex/ft)

17
???? (2/2)
18
ALU ?? (1/2)

• ??ALU?? (AB?A-B?B?B1?0)
• ???????????????,?????????????
• ALU???????A?B,?????????????
• AB????????? (???????0)
• A-B???AB1??????????B??,?????????1
• B????????A???????0???
• B1??????A?0,?????????1????

19
ALU ?? (2/2)
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1.1.4 ??????

• ??? (instruction set) ???????????? (user
  interface)
• ????? (programmer) ????????
• ????????????

?? (software)
??? (instruction set)
?? (hardware)
21
4?? (4-address) ??

• 4???? ?????? 4nf ??
• ??????
• ADD d, s1, s2, next_i d s1s2

22
3?? (3-address) ??

• 3???? ??????????????,??PC???
• ???????,????????????????
• ??????
• ADD d, s1, s2 d s1s2

23
2?? (2-address) ??

• 2???? ???????????????
• ??????
• ADD d, s1 d ds1

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1?? (1-address) ??

• 1???? ?????????,????????? (MU0??),????????????
• ??????
• ADD s1 accumulator accumulators1

25
0?? (0-address) ??

• 0???? ??????? (evaluation stack)
  ???,????????????
• ??????
• ADD top_of_stack top_of_stack
  next_on_stack

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n?? (n-address) ????

• ??4???,?????????????????????
• Inmos Trasputer ?????0??????????
• MUO ??????1???????
• ?? ARM ?????????????? Thumb ???????2?????????
• ??? ARM ??????3?????

27
????

• ?????????????????
• ?????? ???????
• ?????? ?????????????????????,??????????????????
• ?????? ?????????????????????,????????????
• ?????????????? ??,?????????????????

28
??????
29
1.1.5 ?? (1/2)

• ??????????????????????????
• ?????? (Instruction Fetch, IF) ???????? (fetch)
• ????/??????? (Instruction Decoder, ID)
  ????????????/????? (?) ????????(dec/ reg)
• ??/?????? (Execution, EX) ???????????????????
  (ALU)
• ????? (Memory, MEM) ????,??????????? (mem)
• ???? (Write Back, WB) ?????????? (?) (res)?
• ????/?????????????,??IF?ID?EX?MEM?WB???5-???????

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1.1.5 ?? (2/2)
31
?????? (1/3)

• ??????
• Ann (A), Betty (B), Cathy (C), Dave
  (D)????????,????????????????????????
• ??????30??
• ??????40??
• ?????20???

32
?????? (2/3)
6 PM
Midnight
7
8
9
11
10
Time
30
40
20
30
40
20
30
40
20
30
40
20
?????????,??????????
? ? ? ?

• ?????????,4??????6???

????????? - ??? (Pipelining)!!!
33
?????? (3/3)

• ???????,4?????3.5????
• ????? (As Soon As Possible, ASAP) ????

6 PM
7
8
9
Time
30
40
20
? ? ? ?
34
1.2 ARM??????

• ARM (Advanced RISC Machines)
• ARM?????ARM????? (IP),???ARM IP????,???ARM????
• ????????????????????????,??????????
• ???32??RISC (Reduced Instruction Set
  Computer)???75?????
• ?CPU?????
• ??IP (ARM??????,??????)?????????,?????????????????
  
• ????ARM ?????,????????????????,?????????,?????????
  ??
• ????? (System-on-Chip, SOC)???ARM??????,??,??ARM??
  ???????

35
1.3 ARM???????

• ????RISC???ARM??????????????
• ?????????????????
• ??Thumb (16??)/ ARM (32??) ???? (Instruction
  set),????8??/ 16?????