Printers, the Mac OS, and Linux

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Chapter 13

• Printers, the Mac OS, and Linux

2
You Will Learn

• How to use Windows to support printers
• About starting up, using, and supporting hardware
  in the Mac OS
• About the file structure of the Linux OS and how
  to use some Linux commands

3
Supporting Printers Using Windows

• How to use Windows to install a local printer
• How to share a networked printer
• How to troubleshoot Windows printer problems

4
Installing and Sharing a Printer

• A local printer is a printer connected to a
  computer by way of a port
• A networked printer is accessed by way of a
  network
• The Windows default printer is the one Windows
  prints to unless another is selected

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Installing a Local Printer

1. Physically attach the printer using any of the
   various ports available
2. Install the printer driver
3. Insert the manufacturers printer driver CD and
   follow the directions
4. Go to Printers and Faxes, click Add a printer,
   follow the wizards instructions
5. Test the printer with Print Test Page

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Sharing a Printer with Others in a Workgroup

1. Go to Printers and Faxes, right-click, select
   Properties, select Share this printer, enter a
   share name
2. To share with additional operating systems, click
   Additional Drivers
3. Select the OSs, Click OK twice

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Sharing a Printer with Others in a Workgroup
(continued)
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Using a Shared Printer

1. Open Printers and Faxes, click Add a Printer,
   click Next
2. Select A network printer, or a printer attached
   to another computer
3. Enter host computer name and printer name or
   click Browse, and select the printer to install

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Using a Shared Printer (continued)

1. If Windows XP does not find drivers on the host
   computer, click OK to search
2. Click Have Disk to use manufacturers driver, or
   select printer manufacturer and model to use
   Windows driver
3. Answer Do you want to use this printer as the
   default printer?
4. Do a Print Test Page

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Sharing a Printer Using Windows 98
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Using a Network Printer in Windows XP
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Associate a Network Printer with a Printer Port
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Installing a Shared Printer in Windows 2000
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Other Methods of Sharing a Printer over a Network

• Attach a regular printer to the port on a PC and
  share the printer with the network
• Connect a printer with embedded network logic
  directly to a network
• A dedicated print server device can control
  several printers connected to a network

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How Windows Handles Print Jobs

• When Windows NT/2000/XP uses a PostScript
  printer, the print job is converted into the
  PostScript language
• Windows 2000/XP uses Hewlett-Packard PCL (Printer
  Control Language)
• Windows 9x uses Enhanced Metafile Format (EMF)
  for non-PostScript printers
• Text data with no embedded control characters is
  sent as raw data

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Troubleshooting Printers Using Windows

• Problems caused by the OS
• Problems caused by the application using the
  printer

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Verify that a Printer Self-Test Page Can Print

• Check that the printer is on
• Print a self-test page
• Check printers user guide for instructions
• Verify that information on the test page is
  correct

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How to Isolate a Printer Problem
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Verify Connectivity Between PC and Printer

• Enter CMOS and check configuration of parallel,
  serial, or USB port
• Turn off computer and disconnect
• Turn on printer if it now displays Ready
  message, there is a communication problem between
  computer and printer
• Verify cable is connected to correct port
• Verify printer is configured to use the correct
  port

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Verity Correct Port
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Verify an OS Test Page Can Print

• Open Printers and Faxes, right-click on the
  printer, choose Properties, and click the Print
  Test Page button
• If the self-test page works, but the OS test page
  does not, see the extensive list on pp. 558 559
  of the text

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Troubleshooting Printing from Applications

• Verify the correct printer is selected in Print
  Setup
• Try printing from a different application
• Delete any files in the print spooler
• Reboot the PC, try printing from Notepad
• Reopen the application having printing problems
  and try printing again

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Troubleshooting Networked Printers

• Is the printer online?
• Check that you can print a test page through the
  OS of the computer that has the printer attached
  locally
• If you cannot print from the local printer, solve
  the problem there

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Introducing the Mac OS

• User-friendly
• Ideal for many desktop computer uses
• Latest version is Mac OS X

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Starting up a Mac

1. Self-test controlled from ROM
2. PRAM (parameter RAM) settings retrieved
3. System folder located
4. Mac OS ROM file loaded
5. Smiling Mac icon and welcome screen displayed

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Starting up a Mac (continued)

1. Enablers located
2. Disk First Aid runs if the Mac was not shut down
   properly
3. Other System folder contents located
4. Mac desktop displayed
5. Finder and startup programs located

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The System Folder
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Control Panels and Extensions Folders (OS 9)
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Library Folder (OS X)
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Using the Mac

• Features of the Mac interface
• Finder window
• Apple menu
• Procedures that help you work with files and
  applications (e.g., Sherlock)

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The Mac Desktop
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Using the Finder

• Functions somewhat like Explorer or My Computer
  in Windows
• Allows you to access, organize, and manage
  programs, files, and folders
• Use the Sherlock utility to search for files and
  folders

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The Sherlock Utility
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Using the Apple Menu

• Similar to Windows Start menu
• Contains accessories to help manage system tasks,
  programs such as media players, a calculator,
  search programs, and word processing programs
• Submenus
• Recent Applications
• Recent Documents
• Recent Servers

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The Apple Menu
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Customizing the Mac Interface
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Submenus on the Apple Menu
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Launching an Application

• Double-click its icon from Finder window
• Choose it from Recent Applications submenu on the
  Apple menu
• Double-click associated file icon
• Drag a document icon to application icon

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Supporting Hardware

• Monitors and hard drives
• Changing settings for video
• Understanding the file system used on the hard
  drive
• Using system maintenance tools

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Adjusting Display Settings
Double-click Display icon under System Preferences

• Resolution
• Contrast and brightness
• Color depth
• Display geometry

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Adjusting Display Settings (continued)
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Supporting the Hard Drive

• Supported drive technologies
• IDE
• SCSI
• File systems on the Mac
• HFS (Hierarchical File System), or Mac OS
  Standard Format
• HFS or Mac OS Extended Format

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Directory Structure Elements

• Boot blocks
• Volume information block
• Volume bit map
• Catalog tree
• Extents tree

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Drive Maintenance Tools
The Mac OS X Utilities folder contains system
tools, including Disk Utility, which combines the
functions of the Mac OS 9 tools Drive Setup and
Disk First Aid
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Mac OS X Utilities Folder
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Mac OS X Disk Utility (continued)
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Drive Maintenance Tools

• Drive Setup function
• To format a hard drive when it is initially
  installed
• To reformat a damaged hard drive
• Defragmentation utilities
• Copy extents that make up a file into RAM on Mac
• Reassemble file
• Save complete file back onto the hard drive
• Disk First Aid
• Checks for errors on hard drive
• Runs automatically on reboot if not shut down
  properly

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Introducing Linux

• Used more often as a file server, Web server, or
  e-mail server than as a desktop OS
• Administrative management
• Root and user accounts
• File structure
• Common commands (case sensitive)
• Using the vi editor

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Root Accounts and User Accounts

• Based on Unix uses many same commands
• Default shell is Bash shell
• System administrator has root privileges can
  access all functions of OS
• Installs updates to the OS (patches)
• Manages backups
• Supports installations of hardware and software
• Sets up user accounts
• Resets passwords
• Generally supports users

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Directory and File Layout
Root directory

• Main directory in Linux and UNIX
• Indicated with a forward slash
• Lists contents with the ls command

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Linux ls l Directory Listing
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Editing Commands

• AltD
• Delete a word
• CtrlK
• Delete from current position to end of line
• CtrlA
• Move cursor to beginning of command line

• AltB
• Move cursor left one word
• AltF
• Move cursor right one word

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Viewing the Shells File

1. Type cat /etc/shells and press Enter
2. A list of shells stored in the /bin directory
   appears type clear and press Enter to clear the
   screen
3. Type cat -n /etc/shells and press Enter for a
   list of shells with a number before each line

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Redirecting Output
Use redirection symbol (gt) to direct output to a
file
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Using the Cat Command
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Creating a Directory
Do not store data files in the root directory
create a new directory and move the new file
called available_shells to it

1. Type mkdir myfiles, press Enter
2. Type mv /available_shells . and press Enter
3. Type ls to see contents of myfiles

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Creating a Directory (continued)
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Using the vi Editor

• vi editor is a visual editor
• Insert mode
• Command mode
• All commands are case sensitive

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The vi Text Editor
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vi Editor Commands
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Window Managers

• GUI interfaces for Unix and Linux
• Example GNOME

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A GNOME Window
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Summary

• Using Windows to support printers
• Starting up, using, and supporting hardware in
  the Mac OS
• The file structure of the Linux OS and using some
  Linux commands