How are living organisms classified?

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KINGDOMS OF LIFEre 18-13 Cladogram of Six
Kingdoms and Three Domains
Section 18-3
Fungi
Animalia
Archaebacteria
Plantae
Protista
Kingdoms
Eubacteria
Eubacteria Archaebacteria Protista Plantae Fungi A
nimalia
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Prokaryotes vs Eukaryotes

• Pro earlier, prior to, pre
• Eu good, true, think new

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Vocabulary

• Prokaryote organisms with cell(s) that do not
  contain a nucleus (simple)
• Eukaryote organisms with cell(s) that have a
  nucleus
• (more complex)
• Autotroph - organisms that make their own food
• Heterotroph - organisms that ingest of absorb
  their food
• Unicellular organism consisting of only one
  cell
• Multicellular organism consisting of more than
  one cell

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Kingdom Archaebacteria

• First life forms
• Prokaryotes (no nucleus)
• Unicellular
• Cell Walls
• Autotrophs (producers make own food)
• Heterotrophs (need to eat others)
• Methanogens (producers - eat methane)
• Live in extreme environments
• (hot, cold, no oxygen)
• Discovered in 1983

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Kingdom Eubacteria

• Prokaryotes (no nucleus)
• Unicellular
• Cell wall
• Autotrophs (producers) or Heterotrophs
  (consumers, decomposers)
• E-Coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Cyanobacteria

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• The six-kingdom system

• Bacteria

• Archaea

• Protista

• Plantae

• Fungi

• Animalia

• The OLD five-kingdom system

• Monera

• Protista

• Plantae

• Fungi

• Animalia

• OLD

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Kingdom Protista

• Eukaryotes
• (cells with nucleus and membrane-bound
  organelles)
• Mostly unicelluar, but some multicellular (algae)
• Cell wall
• Autotrophs (producers) or
• Heterotrophs (consumers)
• Amoebas, Paramecium, Slime molds, Algae (seaweed)
• Animal-like, plant-like, fungus-like

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Amoeba Slime mold

• Paramecium Kelp (seaweed)

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Kingdom Fungi

• Eukaryotes
• (cells with nucleus and membrane-bound
  organelles)
• Most multicellular some unicellular
• Cell wall
• Heterotrophs
• decomposers
• consumers (yeast)
• Mushrooms,
• yeast, molds

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• Mold
• Yeast

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Kingdom Plantae

• Eukaryotes
• (cells with nucleus and membrane-bound
  organelles)
• All multicellular
• Cell wall
• Autotrophs (Photosynthesis) - producers
• Mosses, ferns,
• flowering plants,
• conifers

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• Mosses Ferns
• Conifers (needles, cones)

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Kingdom Animalia

• Eukaryotes
• (cells with nucleus and membrane-bound
  organelles)
• All multicellular
• NO cell wall
• Heterotrophs (consumers)
• Sponges, jellyfish, coral,
• worms, starfish, clams,
• crabs, fishes, sharks, frogs,
• salamanders, lizards, turtles,
• birds, mammals

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Coral Reef sponges, coral (a type of sea
anemone), fishes, zooplankton
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• Sponges, sea anemones, jellyfish, Fishes,
  amphibians, Worms, mussels, squid,
  octopus, reptiles, birds, mammals
• shrimp, starfish, sea urchins.

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Organization of Life