Phytoplankton

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Phytoplankton
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Phytoplankton Taxonomy

• Diatoms
• Dinoflagellates
• Coccolithophores
• Cyanobacteria
• others

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Diatoms

• Frustule valves (Silica)
• Pennate and Radial species
• Autotrophic

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Diatoms
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Diatoms
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Diatoms
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Diatoms
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Diatom Asexual Reproduction
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Dinoflagelates

• 2 Flagella (certain mobility)
• Theca plates (Cellulose)
• Autotrophic, heterotrophic mixotrophic

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Dinoflagelates
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Diatoms vs Dinoflagellates

• Medium Light Intensity
• Medium Nutrients
• Temperate regions

• High Light Intensity
• Very Low Nutrients
• Tropical regions, low productivity regions

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Light Adaptation
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Alexandrium tamarense Paralytic Shellfish
Poisoning (PSP)
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Alexandrium spp. Blooms - High temp. - Low
salinity
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Gambierdiscus toxicusCiguatera Fish Poisoning
(CFP)
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Pseudo-nitzschia spp.Amnesic Shellfish Poisoning
(ASP)
                               
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Demoic Acid
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Kogia breviceps
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Chaetoceros spp.
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Coccolithofores

• Calcareous plates
• Small size Nanoplankton (gt20µm)
• Low productivity regions

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Emiliania huxleyi
www.earthguide.ucsd.edu
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• Florisphaera profunda

www.earthguide.ucsd.edu
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Phytoplankton Distribution
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Cyanobacteria other Prokaryotic Autotrophs

• Very small size Picoplankton (gt2µm)
• Deepest waters
• Open Ocean, low productivity

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Cyanobacteria


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Flow Cytometry
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• Identifying leukemias and lymphomas of mature B
  and T cells
• DNA ploidy analysis of solid cancerous tumors
• DNA fragment size quantification
• Ultrasensitive fluorescence detection

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Flow Cytometry
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Absorption Spectrum
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Light Penetration
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Light Adaptation
High Light Adapted
Low Light Adapted
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Chlorophyll Concentration
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Figure 15.1d
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Figure 15.1e