QOTD - NO MARK QUIZ

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QOTD - NO MARK QUIZ

• 1. The number of deer in a forest is called
• THE POPULATION
• 2. Which does not belong? Sunshine, Water, Dirt
  or a rotting log?
• ROTTING LOG (Biotic)
• 3. Name one ecologically significant region in
  Can.
• GREAT LAKES, PRAIRIES, CDN. SHIELD, ETC.
• 4. The variety of living things is called
• BIODIVERSITY
• 5. The process by which plants produce food is
• PHOTOSYNTHESIS

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ECOSYSTEMS 101
DECIDUOUS FOREST
BOREAL FOREST
THE TUNDRA
GRASSLANDS
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Energy in an Ecosystem

• All living elements play a role in the
  functioning of an ecosystem.
• As energy flows through the ecosystem, it is
  passed from one organism to another.
• The energy coming into an ecosystem originates
  from the Sun.

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Photosynthesis

• 6CO2 6H2O Light C6H12O6 6O2

RAW MATERIALS
PRODUCTS
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Producers

• Capture energy from the sun and convert it to
  food energy (Photosynthesis).
• Plants use this food energy and soil nutrients to
  live and reproduce.
• When plants are eaten, some of this energy is
  passed along.

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Types of Consumers

• Consumers must eat to obtain their energy.
• All animals are consumers

HERBIVORE
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Types of Consumers
CARNIVORE
OMNIVORE
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Types of Consumers
SCAVENGERS
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Decomposers

• After a consumer dies, nutrients are returned to
  the soil
• Decomposers recycle nutrients back to producers
  by breaking down dead matter.
• Moulds and Bacteria finish the job!

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Cellular Respiration

• C6H12O6 6O2 6H2O 6CO2
• RAW MATERIALS
  PRODUCTS

Sugar oxygen water carbon dioxide
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Photosynthesis and Respiration

• Complementary processes check it out
• Photosynthesis

6CO2 6H2O Light ? C6H12O6 6O2

• Cellular Respiration

• C6H12O6 6O2 ? 6H2O 6CO2

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FOOD CHAIN

• A connection of organisms showing the transfer of
  energy from one organism to the next.

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Question

• WHATS WRONG WITH JUST USING FOOD CHAINS TO
  DESCRIBE THE RELATIONSHIPS WITHIN ECOSYSTEMS?
• FOOD WEBS are more realistic!

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TROPHIC LEVELS

• A way of categorizing living things according to
  how they gain their energy.
• The 1st trophic level contains Autotrophs
  (organisms that make their own food)
• Each higher level contains Heterotrophs (eat
  others for energy)

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TROPHIC LEVELS (Cont.)
TERTIARY CONSUMERS Eg. HAWK TOP CARNIVORE
4th
SECONDARY CONSUMERS Eg. SPARROW
3rd
PRIMARY CONSUMERS Eg. INSECTS
2nd
PRODUCERS (AUTOTROPHS) Eg. GRASS
1st
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TROPHIC LEVELS (Cont.)
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TROPHIC LEVELS (Cont.)
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Energy Flow!

• What is this illustration telling us?
• -Trophic levels
• - Food web
• - Energy Transfer?

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• Not all of the Suns energy is captured.
• As you go along up the trophic levels, energy is
  lost.

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Energy Pyramid

• 1 joule is the absolute minimum amount of energy
  required (on the surface of Earth) to lift a one
  kilogram object up by a height of 10
  centimeters.
• So each level loses about 90 of the energy in
  the previous level! And where does it go?
• HEAT!

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Biomass Pyramid

• The dry weight of all organisms in all in an
  ecosystem is known as
• BIOMASS!
• So As the amount of energy decreases ?, so does
  the BIOMASS.
• Therefore there are fewer animals at each
  trophic level

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Numbers Pyramid

• For example, in an forest ecosystem
• - Grasses 10,000,000,000 organisms
• - Grasshoppers 27,000,000
• - Frogs 90,000
• - Trout 300
• - Bear 5

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Bioaccumulation

• Bioaccumulation How substances (usually toxic)
  build up in a biological system
• Biomagnification
• ? increased concentration of a toxin in the
  bodies of consumers at each trophic level.

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• MeHg Methyl Mercury

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• Here is another look. This picture shows how
  weather through water works in spreading toxins.

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THE END!!!