Title: Essentials
1Fire Inspection and Code Enforcement, 7th Edition
Chapter 4 Construction Types and Occupancy
Classifications Inspector I
2DISCUSSION QUESTION
How are construction types and occupancy
classifications established?
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3Learning Objective 1
-
- Describe each of the construction types defined
by the model codes.
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4United States Construction
- International Building Code (IBC) and National
Fire Protection Association (NFPA) - Recognize five types, defined by materials and
fire performance for each building element
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5DISCUSSION QUESTION
What building elements make up every type of
structure?
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6Type I Construction
- Noncombustible or limited combustible materials
- Highest level of safety
- May include combustible materials in small
quantities
(Continued)
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7(No Transcript)
8DISCUSSION QUESTION
What is protected steel?
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9Type II Construction
- Building materials that will not contribute to
fire development or spread - Noncombustible materials that do not meet
stricter requirements of Type I
(Continued)
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11DISCUSSION QUESTION
When is Type II construction used?
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12Type III Construction
- Churches, schools, apartment dwellings,
mercantile structures - Exterior walls constructed of noncombustible
materials and interior elements of any permitted
material
(Continued)
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14Type IV Construction
- Large-dimensioned lumber for all structural
elements - Extremely stable and more resistant to collapse
- May include small-dimensioned lumber glued
together - Limitation
(Continued)
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16DISCUSSION QUESTION
How does heavy timber construction react when
involved in fire?
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17Type V Construction
- Exterior bearing walls entirely wood or other
combustible materials - Framing materials include wood studs, steel or
aluminum studs, or wood sill plates - Includes wood truss systems
(Continued)
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19Canadian Construction
- National Building Code of Canada (NBC)
- Combustible construction
- Noncombustible construction
- Heavy timber construction
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20Learning Objective 2
Explain the purpose of occupancy
classifications.
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21Occupancy Classification
- Use of all or a portion of a building or
structure - Established because certain occupancies will have
higher fire loads and greater numbers of
occupants within them than others - Helps gain reasonable expectation of hazard
building presents
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22Learning Objective 3
Compare the occupancy classification groups
used by the three main building codes.
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23General Occupancy Classifications
- Assembly
- Business
- Educational
- Day Care
- Factory/Industrial
- Institutional
- Mercantile
- Residential
- Residential Board and Care
- Storage
- Utility/Miscellaneous
- Multiple
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24Learning Objective 4
Describe the types of uses classified as
assembly by the model building codes.
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25Assembly Occupancies
- Any building, structure, or compartment used for
gathering of 50 or more persons - Subclassifications
- NFPA
- ICC
- Canadian codes
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26Learning Objective 5
Describe business and educational occupancies.
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27Business Occupancies
- Buildings that provide working place for large
numbers of occupants in an office environment - Divided into group areas and individual working
spaces
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28DISCUSSION QUESTION
What are some examples of business
occupancies?
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29Educational Occupancies
- Any building or portion used for education of six
or more persons from preschool through 12th grade - Significant challenges
- NFPA 101 and NFPA 5000
- ICC building and fire codes
- Canadian codes
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30Learning Objective 6
Compare the factory, industrial, and
high-hazard occupancies defined by each model
code.
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31Factory/Industrial Occupancies
- Classified differently by each model code
- NFPA codes
- ICC codes
- Canadian codes
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32DISCUSSION QUESTION
What are the industrial occupancies
subdivisions of NFPA codes?
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33Learning Objective 7
Compare the International Code Council (ICC)
institutional occupancies to the NFPA occupancy
classifications.
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34Institutional Occupancies
- ICC Group I Institutional Where people with
physical limitations due to health or age are
cared for - NFPA 1 and NFPA 101 occupancies
- Canadian codes
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35Learning Objective 8
Describe various institutional occupancies.
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36Health Care Occupancies
- Provide health services to four or more
individuals who cannot evacuate themselves - Only in NFPA 1 and 101
- ICC codes
- Canadian codes
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37Ambulatory Health Care Occupancies
- Buildings or portions that provide medical
services to four or more patients on an
outpatient basis - ICC codes
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38Detention and Correctional Occupancies
- Locations where the occupants are held under
restraint or security - Include locks on doors where occupants are kept
- ICC codes
- Canadian codes
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39DISCUSSION QUESTION
What may occupants of a detention and
correctional occupancy do in an emergency
situation?
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40Residential Board and Care Occupancies
- NFPA 1 and NFPA 101
- Provide lodging, boarding, personal care to four
or more residents unrelated to owner - ICC codes
- Canadian codes
- Responsibilities of staff members
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41DISCUSSION QUESTION
What are the evacuation classifications of
residential board and care occupancies?
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42Learning Objective 9
Explain the primary concern or hazard found in
day-care occupancies.
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43Day Care Occupancies
- Provide care, maintenance, and supervision of
persons of any age for periods of less than 24
hours per day - Provide care by someone other than a relative or
legal guardian of the child - NFPA 101
- ICC codes
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44Learning Objective 10
Describe the hazards usually associated with
mercantile occupancies.
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45Mercantile Occupancies
- Any building that is used to display or sell
merchandise - Contain large quantities of combustible materials
and potential for high life loss - Arrangement of merchandise can result in high
fire load and can restrict exit access
(Continued)
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47DISCUSSION QUESTION
What are some examples of mercantile
occupancies?
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48Learning Objective 11
Compare each of the residential occupancy
classifications.
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49Residential Occupancies
- Provide sleeping accommodations under conditions
other than health care or detention and
correctional occupancies - Required to meet minimum fire andlife safety
requirements
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50One- or Two-Family Dwelling
- NFPA Structures having no more than two
dwelling units, including detached units,
semidetached units, and duplexes - Not exempted in model codes
- Not subject in periodic inspections
- Exception
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51DISCUSSION QUESTION
What is a lodging or rooming house?
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52Lodging (Boarding) or Rooming House
- NFPA 1 and NFPA 101
- ICC and Canadian codes
- Boarding or rooming houses
- Most common problem Knowing number of
individuals permitted
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53Hotels
- Provides sleeping rooms for transients
- Present wide range of fire and life safety
challenges - ICC and Canadian codes
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54DISCUSSION QUESTION
What types of functions can a hotel include?
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55Dormitory
- Building or portion in which sleeping
accommodations are provided to 16 or more persons
who are not related - One room or series of smaller rooms
- No cooking facilities
- Fraternity houses
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56Apartment Building
- Single or multistory structures containing three
or more independent dwelling units with cooking
and bathroom facilities in each - May have direct access to exterior or have
interior corridors - Greater than 7 stories High-rise structures
(Continued)
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57Apartment Building
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58DISCUSSION QUESTION
What unique problems do apartment buildings
present for fire inspectors?
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59Learning Objective 12
Describe storage, utility, and miscellaneous
occupancies.
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60Storage Occupancies
- Used to store goods, merchandise, products,
vehicles, or animals
Aircraft hangars Grain elevators Barns Stables
- NFPA
- Warehouses
- Storage units
- Freight terminals
- Parking garages
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61DISCUSSION QUESTION
What usually determines the classification of
a storage occupancy?
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62Utility/Miscellaneous Occupancies
- ICC code only
- Buildings or structures that do not fit any other
classification - Incidental or accessory buildings or structures
that do not pose a hazard to primary occupancy
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63DISCUSSION QUESTION
What are some examples of utility/miscellaneous
occupancies?
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64Learning Objective 13
Determine occupancy classification of a
single-use occupancy. Learning Objective 13 is
measured in Learning Activity 4-I-1.
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65Summary
- The ability of the inspector to determine the
construction type and occupancy classification of
a structure is critical to the success or failure
of an inspection.
(Continued)
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66Summary
- During periodic inspections and when alterations
are made, inspectors must ensure that fire and
life safety requirements are consistent with
current use and alterations. - Model building and fire codes provide the
inspector with guidelines for ensuring that life
safety requirements are met.
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67Review Questions
1. How many types of construction are recognized
by the International Building Code
(IBC)? 2. What is heavy timber
construction? 3. What type of occupancy is a
jail?
(Continued)
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68Review Questions
4. How many stories must an apartment building
be to be considered a high-rise
structure? 5. List several types of
incidental-use areas.
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