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Essentials

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Fire Inspection and Code Enforcement, 7th Edition Chapter 4 Construction Types and Occupancy Classifications Inspector I – PowerPoint PPT presentation

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Title: Essentials


1
Fire Inspection and Code Enforcement, 7th Edition
Chapter 4 Construction Types and Occupancy
Classifications Inspector I
2
DISCUSSION QUESTION
How are construction types and occupancy
classifications established?
Inspector I
Inspector I
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3
Learning Objective 1
  • Describe each of the construction types defined
    by the model codes.

Inspector I
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4
United States Construction
  • International Building Code (IBC) and National
    Fire Protection Association (NFPA)
  • Recognize five types, defined by materials and
    fire performance for each building element

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5
DISCUSSION QUESTION
What building elements make up every type of
structure?
Inspector I
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6
Type I Construction
  • Noncombustible or limited combustible materials
  • Highest level of safety
  • May include combustible materials in small
    quantities

(Continued)
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7
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8
DISCUSSION QUESTION
What is protected steel?
Inspector I
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9
Type II Construction
  • Building materials that will not contribute to
    fire development or spread
  • Noncombustible materials that do not meet
    stricter requirements of Type I

(Continued)
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10
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11
DISCUSSION QUESTION
When is Type II construction used?
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12
Type III Construction
  • Churches, schools, apartment dwellings,
    mercantile structures
  • Exterior walls constructed of noncombustible
    materials and interior elements of any permitted
    material

(Continued)
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13
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14
Type IV Construction
  • Large-dimensioned lumber for all structural
    elements
  • Extremely stable and more resistant to collapse
  • May include small-dimensioned lumber glued
    together
  • Limitation

(Continued)
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15
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16
DISCUSSION QUESTION
How does heavy timber construction react when
involved in fire?
Inspector I
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17
Type V Construction
  • Exterior bearing walls entirely wood or other
    combustible materials
  • Framing materials include wood studs, steel or
    aluminum studs, or wood sill plates
  • Includes wood truss systems

(Continued)
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18
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19
Canadian Construction
  • National Building Code of Canada (NBC)
  • Combustible construction
  • Noncombustible construction
  • Heavy timber construction

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20
Learning Objective 2
Explain the purpose of occupancy
classifications.
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21
Occupancy Classification
  • Use of all or a portion of a building or
    structure
  • Established because certain occupancies will have
    higher fire loads and greater numbers of
    occupants within them than others
  • Helps gain reasonable expectation of hazard
    building presents

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22
Learning Objective 3
Compare the occupancy classification groups
used by the three main building codes.
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23
General Occupancy Classifications
  • Assembly
  • Business
  • Educational
  • Day Care
  • Factory/Industrial
  • Institutional
  • Mercantile
  • Residential
  • Residential Board and Care
  • Storage
  • Utility/Miscellaneous
  • Multiple

Inspector I
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24
Learning Objective 4
Describe the types of uses classified as
assembly by the model building codes.
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25
Assembly Occupancies
  • Any building, structure, or compartment used for
    gathering of 50 or more persons
  • Subclassifications
  • NFPA
  • ICC
  • Canadian codes

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26
Learning Objective 5
Describe business and educational occupancies.
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27
Business Occupancies
  • Buildings that provide working place for large
    numbers of occupants in an office environment
  • Divided into group areas and individual working
    spaces

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28
DISCUSSION QUESTION
What are some examples of business
occupancies?
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29
Educational Occupancies
  • Any building or portion used for education of six
    or more persons from preschool through 12th grade
  • Significant challenges
  • NFPA 101 and NFPA 5000
  • ICC building and fire codes
  • Canadian codes

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30
Learning Objective 6
Compare the factory, industrial, and
high-hazard occupancies defined by each model
code.
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31
Factory/Industrial Occupancies
  • Classified differently by each model code
  • NFPA codes
  • ICC codes
  • Canadian codes

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32
DISCUSSION QUESTION
What are the industrial occupancies
subdivisions of NFPA codes?
Inspector I
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33
Learning Objective 7
Compare the International Code Council (ICC)
institutional occupancies to the NFPA occupancy
classifications.
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34
Institutional Occupancies
  • ICC Group I Institutional Where people with
    physical limitations due to health or age are
    cared for
  • NFPA 1 and NFPA 101 occupancies
  • Canadian codes

Inspector I
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35
Learning Objective 8
Describe various institutional occupancies.
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36
Health Care Occupancies
  • Provide health services to four or more
    individuals who cannot evacuate themselves
  • Only in NFPA 1 and 101
  • ICC codes
  • Canadian codes

Inspector I
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37
Ambulatory Health Care Occupancies
  • Buildings or portions that provide medical
    services to four or more patients on an
    outpatient basis
  • ICC codes

Inspector I
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38
Detention and Correctional Occupancies
  • Locations where the occupants are held under
    restraint or security
  • Include locks on doors where occupants are kept
  • ICC codes
  • Canadian codes

Inspector I
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39
DISCUSSION QUESTION
What may occupants of a detention and
correctional occupancy do in an emergency
situation?
Inspector I
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40
Residential Board and Care Occupancies
  • NFPA 1 and NFPA 101
  • Provide lodging, boarding, personal care to four
    or more residents unrelated to owner
  • ICC codes
  • Canadian codes
  • Responsibilities of staff members

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41
DISCUSSION QUESTION
What are the evacuation classifications of
residential board and care occupancies?
Inspector I
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42
Learning Objective 9
Explain the primary concern or hazard found in
day-care occupancies.
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43
Day Care Occupancies
  • Provide care, maintenance, and supervision of
    persons of any age for periods of less than 24
    hours per day
  • Provide care by someone other than a relative or
    legal guardian of the child
  • NFPA 101
  • ICC codes

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44
Learning Objective 10
Describe the hazards usually associated with
mercantile occupancies.
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45
Mercantile Occupancies
  • Any building that is used to display or sell
    merchandise
  • Contain large quantities of combustible materials
    and potential for high life loss
  • Arrangement of merchandise can result in high
    fire load and can restrict exit access

(Continued)
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46
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47
DISCUSSION QUESTION
What are some examples of mercantile
occupancies?
Inspector I
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48
Learning Objective 11
Compare each of the residential occupancy
classifications.
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49
Residential Occupancies
  • Provide sleeping accommodations under conditions
    other than health care or detention and
    correctional occupancies
  • Required to meet minimum fire andlife safety
    requirements

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50
One- or Two-Family Dwelling
  • NFPA Structures having no more than two
    dwelling units, including detached units,
    semidetached units, and duplexes
  • Not exempted in model codes
  • Not subject in periodic inspections
  • Exception

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51
DISCUSSION QUESTION
What is a lodging or rooming house?
Inspector I
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52
Lodging (Boarding) or Rooming House
  • NFPA 1 and NFPA 101
  • ICC and Canadian codes
  • Boarding or rooming houses
  • Most common problem Knowing number of
    individuals permitted

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53
Hotels
  • Provides sleeping rooms for transients
  • Present wide range of fire and life safety
    challenges
  • ICC and Canadian codes

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54
DISCUSSION QUESTION
What types of functions can a hotel include?
Inspector I
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55
Dormitory
  • Building or portion in which sleeping
    accommodations are provided to 16 or more persons
    who are not related
  • One room or series of smaller rooms
  • No cooking facilities
  • Fraternity houses

Inspector I
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56
Apartment Building
  • Single or multistory structures containing three
    or more independent dwelling units with cooking
    and bathroom facilities in each
  • May have direct access to exterior or have
    interior corridors
  • Greater than 7 stories High-rise structures

(Continued)
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57
Apartment Building
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58
DISCUSSION QUESTION
What unique problems do apartment buildings
present for fire inspectors?
Inspector I
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59
Learning Objective 12
Describe storage, utility, and miscellaneous
occupancies.
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60
Storage Occupancies
  • Used to store goods, merchandise, products,
    vehicles, or animals

Aircraft hangars Grain elevators Barns Stables
  • NFPA
  • Warehouses
  • Storage units
  • Freight terminals
  • Parking garages

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61
DISCUSSION QUESTION
What usually determines the classification of
a storage occupancy?
Inspector I
Inspector I
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62
Utility/Miscellaneous Occupancies
  • ICC code only
  • Buildings or structures that do not fit any other
    classification
  • Incidental or accessory buildings or structures
    that do not pose a hazard to primary occupancy

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DISCUSSION QUESTION
What are some examples of utility/miscellaneous
occupancies?
Inspector I
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64
Learning Objective 13
Determine occupancy classification of a
single-use occupancy. Learning Objective 13 is
measured in Learning Activity 4-I-1.
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Summary
  • The ability of the inspector to determine the
    construction type and occupancy classification of
    a structure is critical to the success or failure
    of an inspection.

(Continued)
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Summary
  • During periodic inspections and when alterations
    are made, inspectors must ensure that fire and
    life safety requirements are consistent with
    current use and alterations.
  • Model building and fire codes provide the
    inspector with guidelines for ensuring that life
    safety requirements are met.

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Review Questions
1. How many types of construction are recognized
by the International Building Code
(IBC)? 2. What is heavy timber
construction? 3. What type of occupancy is a
jail?
(Continued)
Inspector I
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68
Review Questions
4. How many stories must an apartment building
be to be considered a high-rise
structure? 5. List several types of
incidental-use areas.
Inspector I
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