Restoration

1
Restoration Conservatism

• Western Civilization II

2
Philosophical Conservatism

• Not rejection of all change, but reaction to
  violent upheaval of revolution
• Believed in evolution building on the best
  traditions
• Edmund Burke opposed French Revolution because it
  threw away tradition and culture

Edmund Burke
3
Religious Conservatism

• Particularly resented Jacobin attempt to destroy
  Church
• Joseph de Maistre championed papal supremacy
  (ultramontanism)
• Argued religion, not science, was true civilizing
  force

Joseph de Maistre
4
Political Conservatism

• Power privileges of aristocracy are necessary
  for social harmony
• Aristocracy defined as rule of the best
• Aristocrats had necessary experience education
• Scoffed at idea of natural rights and abstract
  theories of government
• Institutions evolve over time to meet particular
  needs of a society
• Must be based on history national character
  (volkgeist)

5
The Concert of Europe

• Congress of Vienna (1814-15) est. principles of
  legitimacy maintaining the balance of power
• Netherlands, Prussia Piedmont-Sardinia
  strengthened as buffers against France
• Concert of Europe Great Powers agreed to meet
  periodically to maintain the balance of power
• Great Britain dropped out in 1822 because
  unwilling to put down liberal revolutions in
  Italy Spain
• Holy Alliance France, Austria, Prussia Russia
• Wanted to undo revolutions in Spanish American
  colonies, but blocked by Britain U.S. (Monroe
  Doctrine)

Klemens von Metternich
6
Europe after 1815
7
Latin American Revolutions
8
Conservatism in Practice France

• Louis XVIII (1814-1824) Lunion et loublie
• Kept Concordat Code Civil
• Charter had bicameral legislature, but suffrage
  limited to wealthiest 100,000
• Charles X (1824-1830) Le trone et lautel
• Tried to replace individualism with medieval
  corporatism
• Law of Sacrilege made tampering with the Host a
  capital crime
• Dismissed liberal Chamber of Deputies in March
  1830 issued drastic July Ordinances censoring
  press

King Louis XVIII
King Charles X
9
The July Revolution (1830)
10
The July Monarchy

• July Revolution of 1830 placed Louis Philippe,
  Duke of Orleans, on the throne
• Called the Citizen King
• Wore business suits hats
• Tried to recreate the liberal constitutional
  monarchy of 1789-1792
• Repudiated ultramontanism corporatism
• Suffrage only doubled to 200,000
• Francois Guizot stabilized economy, 1840-47

King Louis Philippe
11
The Revolution of 1848

• Economic depression foolish attempts to
  suppress dissent led to revolt in Feb. 1848
• End of Socialist Louis Blancs National Workshops
  sparked June Days uprising
• Brutally suppressed by Cavaignac
• Constitution of 1848 created unicameral
  legislature president elected by universal male
  suffrage

Liberty
12
The Second Republic

• Dec. 1848 presidential election was landslide win
  for Louis Napoleon Bonaparte
• Monarchists in legislature divided between the
  Legitimists and Orleanists
• Dec. 2, 1851 coup détat extended presidential
  term to 10 years reduced legislatures power
• Dec. 1852 Emperor Napoleon III crowned

Louis Napoleon Bonaparte