Abdomen

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Abdomen

• Latin for belly

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Abdomen

• Anatomy
• Injuries
• Evaluation

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Anatomy of the abdomen

• Muscles
• Internal organs

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Muscles of the abdomen

• Rectus abdominus-attaches the hip to the ribs and
  sternum.
• Obliques-attaches the hip to the lateral aspect
  of the ribs.

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Quadrants of the abdomen

• Upper right and left
• Lower right and left
• Directions are in relation to the victim.

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Upper right

• Kidney
• Liver
• Gallbladder

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Upper left

• Stomach
• Kidney
• Pancreas
• Spleen

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Lower right

• Appendix

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Lower left

• Large intestine
• Small intestine

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Ailments to the abdomen

• Appendicitis
• Hernia
• Spleen
• Kidney
• Strains

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Appendicitis

• The appendix is located at the end of the large
  intestine, and has no real known function.
• The inflammation of the appendix occurs from
  either an infection or a blockage. Pain tends to
  be located in the right lower quadrant, and
  localizes directly above the position of the
  appendix at a point called "McBurney's point."

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Appendicitis

• Signs and symptoms
• Pain
• Nauseau
• Vomitting
• Constipation

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Hernia

• Occurs when an abdominal organ or fatty tissue
  protrudes through a weakened area of the
  abdominal wall which results in a protrusion.
• Signs and Symptoms
• Pain with movement
• Protrusion through abdominal wall

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Spleen

• The spleen is located just below the ribs on the
  left hand side. The spleen filters out infection
  and other unwanted particles from the blood.

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Spleen

• What are the symptoms of spleen injuries?
• pain in the left side of the abdomen
• pain in left shoulder
• Kehrs sign
• lightheaded feeling
• paleness
• weak pulse

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Kidneys

• Part of the urinary system, the kidneys filter
  wastes (especially urea) from the blood and
  excrete them, along with water, as urine.

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Kidneys

• Injuries to kidneys will usually result from a
  direct blow.
• Signs and symptoms
• Pain in the back and sides
• Hematuria blood in the urine

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Strains

• Result from sharp twisting and turning, or
  overstretching.

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Strains
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Strains
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Strains
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Strains
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History

• Time of onset (48 hrs)
• Location of pain

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Observation

• Asymmetry
• Distension
• Scars
• Deformity

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Palpation

• Tenderness
• Rigidity
• Deformity