Civilization

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Civilization

• What makes a civilization?
• Are YOU civilized?

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Advanced Cities
Advanced Technology
Specialized Workers
Record Keeping
Complex Institutions
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5 Characteristics of a Civilization

• Advanced cities
• Specialized workers
• Complex institutions
• Record keeping
• Advanced technology

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Catal Huyuk Modern TurkeyWorlds Oldest City?
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River Valleys
Where did early civilizations first develop?
Why did ancient civilizations develop in river
valleys? 1. River valleys offered rich soils
for farming 2. abundance of water for large
scale agriculture irrigation 3. Tended to be
in areas easily protected from nomadic invaders
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civilization

• Complex culture with cities, specialized workers,
  complex institutions, record keeping, and
  advanced technology

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specialization

• Development of skills in a particular kind of
  work.

See artisan
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artisan

• A skilled worker, such as a weaver or potter, who
  makes goods by hand.

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institution

• A long-lasting pattern of organization in a
  community

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See Barter
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scribe

• Professional record keeper in early civilizations

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See cuneiform
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barter

• A form of trade in which people exchange goods
  and services without the use of money.

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cuneiform

• System of writing with wedge-shaped symbols,
  invented by the Sumerians around 3000 B.C.

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Bronze Age

• A period in history (around 3000 B.C.) when
  people began using bronze rather than copper or
  stone.

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ziggurat

• Pyramid-shaped Sumerian temple

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• Pyramid-shaped Sumerian temple

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Sedentary vs. Pastoralism
Pastoralism Ten to twelve thousand years ago, at
approximately the same time that agriculture
emerged, a parallel specialization appeared
pastoralism, the herding of domesticated or
partially domesticated animals. Pastoralism has
much more in common culturally with hunting and
gathering ways of life since it is necessity to
move the herds continually in search of fresh
pastures making this a wandering, nomadic way of
life. For Pastoralists, human and livestock
populations tended to fluxuate according to
shifts in climatic conditions impacting the
availability of grasses. While pastoral life is
demanding and often dangerous, it is, as a way of
life, relatively stable over long periods of
time--like hunting and gathering is. What one
generation knew and did, the next generation knew
and did. Pastoralism tended to develop on
marginal land apart from areas suitable for
agriculture, often in semi-arid regions.
Frequently, the two ways of life, pastoralism and
agriculture, were compatible, or even mutually
dependent upon one another through symbiotic
trade relationships. Wherever the two modes of
life existed near one another, a lively trade
usually sprang up between farmers who had food
and other objects to exchange, and pastoral
nomads, who had products such as hides, wool,
meat, and/or milk.  
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Sedentary While they are not exciting in
appearance, settled agricultural villages like
this early example at Ban Po, China (below left)
and Catal Huyuk, modern Turkey (below right),
represented a radically new way of life for human
beings, unlike anything that had existed before.
First, agriculture means sedentism--living
permanently in one place. This was itself new to
human beings, and it may have seemed very
constraining to the first people to experience
this way of life. Living in one spot permanently
means exploiting a relatively small amount of
land very intensively (rather than exploiting a
large amount of land extensively, as
hunter-gatherers did), and over a long period of
time.
Pastoralism vs. Sedentary an analysis Pastoralis
m Advantages ___________________________________
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___________________ Sedentary Advantages
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dvantages _______________________________________
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____ Examples of likely contact/conflict between
the two societies ______________________________
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How does this Sumerian Ziggurat represent
Civilization?
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Where did early civilizations first develop?
___________________
Why did ancient civilizations develop in

? 1._____________________________________________
________________ 2.______________________________
_______________________________ 3._______________
______________________________________________
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nomadic
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paleolithic
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patriarchal
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sedentary
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pastoral
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civilization
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hominid
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Lucy
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Neolithic
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pottery
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scribe
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specialization
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barter
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artisan
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migration
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Ice Age
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Hunt and Gather
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domestication