Mrs. Johnson and Mrs. Agosta

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Features of

• Mrs. Johnson and Mrs. Agosta

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Rise of Civilization

• READ! DONT WRITE!
• About 5,000 years ago, the first civilizations
  began to develop along river valleys.
• The rich, fertile farmlands of river valleys
  helped these civilizations to thrive.

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1. Cities

• Cities emerged as farmers produced surplus
  (extra) food.
• Agriculture (farming) increased population

MORE FOODMORE PEOPLE
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Irrigation

• Moving water from its source to farm

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City-state

• A city and the surrounding area

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2. Central Government

• Govts ensured the food supply and protection.
• A bureaucracy is a system of managing govt
  through departments run by officials

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Empire

• When a single authority rules many territories or
  nations

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3. Public Works

• Rulers built things all people could use.
• Ex roads, bridges, and defensive walls

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4. Religion

1. Ancient people were polytheistic, believing in
   many gods.
2. Cities had temples and priests to gain the favor
   of gods through rituals to ensure plentiful
   crops.

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5. Writing Systems

1. Scribes (trained writers) kept needed records.
2. Documents for tax collections, laws, and the
   storage of grain.
3. Pictograms (picture writing)

Cuneiform (wedge-shaped writing) was invented
around 3000 B.C. by the Sumerians.
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6. Job Specialization

1. People specialized in certain jobs. No one
   person could master all skills.
2. Artisan- skilled craftworker

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7. Social Classes

• People became ranked in classes according to
  their job.
• Hierarchy- a system of ranks

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8. Art and Architecture

1. These were expressions of beliefs and values
2. Buildings showed religion and strength in govt.