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CE 3372 Water Systems Design

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Flowline determined by hydraulics and hydrology requirements. ... Applied for systems where consequences of failure are huge (economically and/or politically) ... – PowerPoint PPT presentation

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Title: CE 3372 Water Systems Design


1
CE 3372 Water Systems Design
  • Module 002 Brief History of Water and
    Wastewater Needs

2
Outline
  • Brief History
  • Engineering and Design Concepts
  • Water Use and Control
  • Trenching

3
Brief History of Water Systems
  • This brief history is adapted from
  • Historical Urban Water Systems by Dr. Robert
    Pitt, Department of Civil and Environmental
    Engineering, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa,
    AL 35487
  • As we proceed through the history, consider
    whether the picture is a water control, water
    use, or environmental restoration system.

4
Brief History of Water Systems
  • Drinking Water

5
Brief History of Water Systems
  • Storm Water

6
Brief History of Water Systems
  • Waste Water

7
Brief History of Water Systems
  • Conduits

8
Brief History of Water Systems
  • Pumps

9
Brief History of Water Systems
  • Storage

10
Engineering
  • Engineering is the profession in which a
    knowledge of the mathematical and natural
    sciences gained by study, experience, and
    practice is applied with judgment to develop ways
    to use, economically, the materials and forces of
    nature for the benefit of mankind.
  • NAP, 1985 Engineering Education and Practice in
    the United States Engineering Technology
    Education ISBN 0-309-07826-1

11
Engineering
  • Engineering is the profession where mathematical
    and natural science is applied to develop ways to
    use the materials and forces of nature to benefit
    mankind
  • ABET is credited with this definition, yet the
    actual quote is hard to find. The National
    Academies mentions ABET in the paragraph
    following their definition, so I will accept the
    above as ABETs definition.

12
Engineering
  • Engineering is innovative application of
    knowledge to produce something to satisfy human
    needs
  • Voland, G. 2004. Engineering by Design 2ed.
    Prtentice Hall, 640p. ISBN 0131409190

13
Engineering
  • Invention is neither necessary nor mentioned in
    the ABET definition.
  • engineering is systematic
  • science is systematic
  • what are the 5 steps of the scientific method?

14
Engineering
  • Invention is mentioned in the NAP definition but
    otherwise the definition is a lot like the ABET
    definition
  • Develop ways to
  • Invent ways to

15
Engineering
  • Invention is the point of engineering in Volands
    definition
  • there is, in fact, no mention of systematic
  • All three definitions serve the same customer
    (us!)
  • ABET to benefit mankind
  • NAP for the benefit of mankind
  • Voland to satisfy human needs

16
Design
  • Creation of a solution to a problem
  • In a practical sense a design might be
  • A drawing
  • A prototype
  • A report
  • A program
  • A set of instructions (recipe)
  • Something from nothing that solves a problem

17
Design
  • Things engineers do that are design
  • Select of specifications from a manual
  • Scheduling materials
  • Populating an input file to run a computer
    program
  • Running a program to produce output to support a
    permit application
  • Writing an operations protocol (a recipe to run
    something)

18
Design
  • Design is the management of constraints
  • Negotiable
  • Money
  • Time
  • Aesthetics
  • Performance
  • Non-negotiable
  • Physics
  • Chemistry

19
Design Constraints
  • Identify and classify constraints
  • Manipulate design variables to satisfy
    non-negotiable constraints and optimize
    negotiable constraints

20
Frequency Based Design
  • Design to accommodate an event of some
    pre-determined probability (return frequency).
  • Assume that more frequent events are also
    accommodated.
  • You did frequency analysis in hydrology!
  • T-year event

21
Risk Based Design
  • Design to accommodate some pre-determined
    expected net loss.
  • Expected loss is product of the probability of
    failure and the cost of that failure.
  • Design to minimize the sum of initial cost and
    expected loss
  • You did elements of risk analysis in hydrology,
    namely the probability portion.

22
Critical-Event Design
  • Design to accommodate largest anticipated event.
  • Applied for systems where consequences of failure
    are huge (economically and/or politically)
  • Large dams, nuclear power plants
  • Assumes the event is anticipated
  • Earthquake Tunsami Pump Failure combined were
    not anticipated (actually they were, just no-one
    paid attention!)

23
Hydrologic Data
  • Design uses hydrologic and geologic data and
    various analysis tools
  • USGS topography, streamflow, computer programs
  • NRCS soil maps, land use, computer programs
  • US EPA rules, chemical properties, computer
    programs
  • NCDC rainfall, snowfall, solar radiation
  • USBR Western US water and energy supply
  • USACOE Navigable waterways, computer programs
  • FHWA design manuals, computer programs

24
Hydrologic Data
  • Design uses hydrologic and geologic data and
    various analysis tools
  • TWDB Funding (for cities and water districts)
  • TCEQ Rules, guidelines, some data
  • TNRIS Evaporation estimates, digital elevation
    models, digital ortho-quadrant maps, false IR
    images, etc.
  • TxDOT Design manuals, some data, computer
    programs
  • County Rules, design manuals, some operate
    rainfall-stage networks
  • Cities Rules, design manuals

25
Hydrologic Data
  • Design uses hydrologic and geologic data and
    various analysis tools
  • River authorities
  • Drainage districts
  • Flood control districts
  • Irrigation districts
  • Council of Governments (COGs)

26
Data
  • Most data are NOT free
  • Agencies charge a fee for data, usually pretty
    small.
  • NCDC is worst offender of taking the fee, then
    providing the wrong data, so be sure you know
    what you want.
  • A lot of useful data are currently free, but
    dont get offended if in the future you expected
    to pay for it.

27
Water Control Systems
  • Spatial and temporal distribution of surface
    runoff from rainfall events (drainage
    engineering)
  • Flood control
  • Storm water harvesting
  • Capacity is based on AREA served
  • hydrology dominated designs

28
Water Use Systems
  • Spatial and temporal distribution in support of
    human habitation
  • Water supply/treatment/distribution
  • Waste water collection/treatment/discharge
  • Capacity is based on POPULATION served
  • hydraulic dominated designs

29
Environmental Restoration Systems
  • Spatial and temporal distribution in support of
    non-human habitation
  • Create desirable conditions
  • Desirable lt Policy lt Value Judgment

30
Trenching
  • Most water distribution and some water collection
    systems are placed underground.
  • Trenching is usually the most efficient way to
    place systems underground.

31
Trench Terminology
32
Backfill Guidelines (Typical)
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33
2 of 3
34
3 of 3
35
Backfill Guidelines
  • Use requirements of jurisdiction where project is
    located.
  • Flowline (invert grade line) is where bedding
    placed.
  • Flowline determined by hydraulics and hydrology
    requirements.
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