Unit 3: Periodic Table and Atom Structure

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Unit 3 Periodic Table and Atom Structure

• Comparing Atoms
• Periodic Table

2
Reading the Periodic Table

• What information is shown?
• Atomic Mass
• Atomic Number
• Element Symbol
• Element Name

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Periodic Table
Element Name
Atomic Mass
Atomic Number
Element Symbol
47 Ag Silver 107.87
Which is which?
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Periodic Table
Element Name
Atomic Mass
Atomic Number
Element Symbol
47 Ag Silver 107.87
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Atomic Number

• Number of Protons
• What happens if you change the number of protons?
• Change the element

HUGE amounts of energy to add or remove.
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Atomic Number

• Begin _at_ 1 ? 111
• Why is there more than 111?
• Heaviest elements are created by scientists.
• WHY?

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Periodic Table
47 Ag Silver 107.87
Atomic Number
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Atomic Mass

• Protons Neutrons
• Increase by amounts gt 1
• Different of Neutrons in nucleus.
• Neutrons dont change charge of atom

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Isotopes

• Atoms with different amounts of neutrons.

A
1
1
1
M
1
2
3

-
-
-
Hydrogen- proteium
Hydrogen -deuterium
Hydrogen-tritium
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Periodic Table
47 Ag Silver 107.87
Atomic Mass
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0f Neutrons?

• Atomic Mass Atomic Number

47 Ag Silver 107.87
-47
61 Neutrons
108
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Nucleus

• Opposites _ _ _ _ _ _ _
• Why does the nucleus stay together?
• Strong Nuclear Force
• Short distance

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Periodic Table
Atomic Number
Element Symbol
47 Ag Silver 107.87
Element Name
Atomic Mass
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Electrons ?

• Equal to the Protons
• Electron Cloud
• Never in the same place
• Buzzing
• Arranged in energy levels

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Electron Levels

• Distance from nucleus increases energy .

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Electron Levels

• The higher the level the more electrons it can
  hold.

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Electron Levels

• Orbitals

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18
8
8
2

• We are only concerned with 8 per level

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• Period or row 1-7, the number of electron shells

• Columns 1-8 , Group s tell you the of
  electrons in the outer shell

1
(1)8







2
(1)4
(1)5
(1)6
(1)7
(1)3
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
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Types of Elements

• Metals
• Solid at room temp
• Conduct heat electricity
• Shiny
• bendable

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Types of Elements

• Non-Metals
• Gasses or liquids at room temp
• Do not conduct heat or electricity

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Types of Elements

• Metalloids
• Next to the crooked line
• Exhibit properties of metals
• nonmetals

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Types of Elements

• Transition Elements
• Transitioning from metal to
• non-metal

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Types of Elements

• Halogens
• Bond easily with groups 1 2
• to make salts.
• Most reactive Non-metals

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Types of Elements

• Noble Gasses
• These gasses are inert
• non-reactive

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Types of Elements

• Alkali Metals
• Most Reactive Metals
• React with water violently

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Types of Elements

• Alkaline Earth Metals
• 2nd most Reactive Metals
• React with many things, just not as much as group
  1

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Why do atoms react?

• Valance Electrons
• Atoms are stable only when their outer shell
  (valance shell) is full.
• Most of the time that means they need 8 valance
  electrons (Rule of Octet).
• Atoms gain or lose electrons to become stable
  during a chemical reaction.

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Why do atoms react?

• Gaining or losing electrons requires the same
  amount of energy so
• Atoms will gain or lose electrons based on how
  many they have in their outer shell
• Gaining or losing electrons results in a chemical
  bond being formed and that atom becomes an Ion
  (atom with a charge)

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Drawing Atoms
Sodium Atomic 11
e-
e-
e-
e-
e-
e-
e-
e-
e-
e-
e-
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Assignments

• Worksheets
• Unknown Elements
• Elements you NEED to know
• Mr. Bunt will be coming around to grade your
  folder. BE READY!!!

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Activity

• Pick 4 elements and draw their structure.(5 min)
• Move all desks to perimeter.
• Class in 2 groups.
• As a group pick an element and ACT out the
  arrangement of the sub atomic particles.
• 1 person can be the nucleus.
• The other team guesses the element of the acting
  team

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Electron Actors