Periodic Table Design

1
Periodic Table Design
2
The Man Behind the Table

• Dmitri Mendeleev
• 1. Russian Chemist
• 2. Organized the 1st Periodic Table
• 3. In the mid-1800s
• 4. Only 63 known elements at that time
• 5. Predicted existence of several unknown
  elements
• 6. Element 101 is named after him

3
Organizing the Table

• Mendeleevs Organization
• 1. He put each elements information on a card.
• A. Atomic mass, density, color, melting
  point
• B. Valence electrons (outer-shell)
• 2. He saw a periodic pattern when arranged by
  atomic mass

4
Mendeleevs Table

• Mendeleevs table was designed so that the
  elements were arranged in order of increasing
  atomic mass.
• He said, the properties of the elements were
  periodic functions of their atomic masses.
• However, Mendeleev was sort-of wrong!

5
Todays Periodic Table

• British scientist, Henry Moseley saw errors in
  Mendeleevs table in 1914.
• Moseley rearranged the table by increasing atomic
  number ( of protons).
• Moseleys table is the table that we use today!

6
Review Periodic Table GROUPS

• The columns of the Periodic Table are called
  groups (or families)
• Elements in a group/family have similar
  properties just like how your family members have
  similar traits!
• Each group/family has a name (like your last name)

7
Review Periodic Table GROUPS

• The number of the group (in the ones place)
  indicates the number of valence electrons that
  atoms within that group have (or the number of
  the TALL column)
• Valence electrons are electrons located in the
  outermost energy level that play a role in
  bonding and reactivity
• There are 18 groups on the Periodic Table
• On p.11, number the GROUPS on your Periodic Table
• Label them Groups/Families with an arrow
  showing which direction they go.

8
Review Periodic Table PERIODS

• The rows of the Periodic Table are called periods
• Elements in a period have different properties!
• The periods follow a periodic pattern
• Periodic occurring at regular intervals

9
Review Periodic Table PERIODS

• The number of the period indicates the number of
  energy levels that atoms within that period have
• There are 7 periods on the Periodic Table
  (Helpful fact Periods has 7 letters)
• On p.11, number the periods on your Periodic
  Table
• Label them Periods with an arrow showing which
  direction they go.

10
The Table
A Family or Group
A Period
11
Metals

• Good conductors of heat and electricity
• Usually solid at room temperature
• Exception Mercury is a liquid at room
  temperature. On p.11, outline Mercury (Hg) in
  blue
• Malleable and ductile
• Located to the left of the stair-step line. On
  p.11 label the left half of the Periodic Table
  Metals.
• Exception Hydrogen is not a metal, but is
  located to the left of the stair-step line.
• Tend to give up electrons in chemical reactions

12
The Metals
13
Group 1 Alkali Metals
Alkali Metals
14
Group 2 Alkaline Earth Metals
Alkaline Earth Metals
15
Groups 3-12 Transition Metals
Transition Metals
Lanthanide Series
Actinide Series
16
Alkali Metals

• Group 1
• The most reactive of all metals (only need to
  lose one electron)
• Have 1 electron in their outer energy levels

Lithium reacting with water
17
Alkaline Earth Metals

• Group 2
• Very reactive
• Have 2 electrons in their outer energy levels

Calcium
Magnesium reacting with HCl
18
Transition Metals/Elements

• Groups 3-12
• Inner Transition Metals
• Lanthanide Series
• Atomic numbers 58-71
• Named the lanthanide series because they follow
  Lanthanum
•  
• Actinide Series
• Atomic numbers 90-103
• Named actinide series because they follow
  Actinium
• All are radioactive and unstable

19
The Metalloids
20
Metalloids

• 8 elements located next to the stair-step line
  (not Aluminum!)
• Have properties similar to metals and nonmetals
• On p.11 outline the metalloids in green.

21
Metalloids
ME
TA
L
L
O
I
D
S
22
Other Metals
Other Metals
23
Nonmetals

• Poor conductors of heat and electricity
• Usually gases or brittle solids at room
  temperature
• Exception Bromine is a liquid at room
  temperature. On p.11, outline Bromine (Br) in
  blue
• On p.11, outline all of the GASES in red. (H, He,
  N, O, F, Ne, Cl, Ar, Kr, Xe, Rn)
• Located to the right of the stair-step line. On
  p.11 label the right half of the Periodic Table
  Nonmetals.
• Exception Hydrogen is a nonmetal, but is located
  to the left of the stair-step line.
• Tend to accept electrons in chemical reactions
  with metals
• Tend to share electrons in chemical reactions
  with other nonmetals

24
The Nonmetals
25
Group 17 Halogens
Halogens
26
Group 18 Noble Gases
Noble Gases
27
Other Nonmetals
Other Nonmetals
28
Halogens

• Group 17
• The most reactive of all nonmetals (only need to
  gain one electron)
• Have 7 electrons in their outer energy levels

29
Noble Gases

• Group 18
• Stable (not reactive) because outermost energy
  levels are full
• Have 8 electrons in their outer energy levels

30
Other Nonmetals

• Also referred to as the
• Boron group
• Carbon group
• Nitrogen group
• Oxygen group
• On p. 11, make a key for your Periodic Table

Liquids Gases Metalloids