Challenges of the Late Middle Ages

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Challenges of the Late Middle Ages

• Religious Crises
• Heresy speaking beliefs that opposed the
  official teachings of the Church
• Many de-emphasized role of clergy and the
  sacraments
• Religious Officials were frightened and tried to
  fight off heresy by
• Inquisitions (legal procedures)
• Education
• New Religious Orders develop
• Conducting War

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Challenges of the Late Middle Ages

• Wars and conflict
• Hundred Years War
• 1328 French kings dies without heir
• Only living relative was King Edward III of
  England
• The French did not want to be ruled by England so
  they named Philip VI King of France
• English king is upset, gathers army and invaded
  France in 1337
• English win many victories because of superior
  weaponry
• 1429 Joan of Arc helps change course of war
• Joan of Arc claims saints tell her led French
  into battle, she marches on the city of Orleans
  and defeats English
• She is captured, tried, and executed by English
• The French took much of the lost territory back
  and eventually kicked out the English

3
Challenges of the Late Middle Ages

• Wars of the Roses
• The Lancasters (red rose emblem) vs. The Yorks
  (white rose emblem)
• Yorkists were successful at first
• New King Richard III faced uprisings and was
  eventually killed in battle
• After Richards death, King Henry VII of the Tudor
  Family took over
• Henry VII was married to Elizabeth of York
• Henry VIIs rise to power marked end of Wars of
  the Roses

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The Black Death
1347 - 1351
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The Culprits
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The Famine of 1315-1317

• By 1300 Europeans were farming almost all the
  land
• A population crisis developed.
• Climate changes crop failures between 1315-17
• 15 of peasants in England died.
• One consequence ofstarvation povertywas
  susceptibility todisease.

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1347 Plague Reaches Constantinople!
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The Symptoms
Bulbous
Septicemic Formalmost 100 mortality rate.
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Lancing a Buboe
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The Disease Cycle
Flea drinks rat blood that carries the
bacteria.
Bacteria multiply in fleas gut.
Human is infected!
Fleas gut cloggedwith bacteria.
Flea bites human and regurgitates blood into
human wound.
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Medieval Art the Plague
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Medieval Art the Plague
Bring out your dead!
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Medieval Art the Plague
An obsession with death.
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Boccaccio in The Decameron
The victims ate lunch with their friends and
dinner with their ancestors.
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Attempts to Stop the Plague
Leeching
A Doctors Robe
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Attempts to Stop the Plague
FlagellantiSelf-inflicted penance for our
sins!
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Attempts to Stop the Plague
Pograms against the Jews
Golden Circle obligatory badge
Jew hat
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The Mortality Rate
35 - 70
25,000,000 dead !!!
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A Little Macabre Ditty
A sickly season, the merchant said,The town I
left was filled with dead,and everywhere these
queer red fliescrawled upon the corpses
eyes,eating them away.Fair make you sick,
the merchant said,They crawled upon the wine
and bread.Pale priests with oil and
books,bulging eyes and crazy looks,dropping
like the flies.
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A Little Macabre Ditty (2)
I had to laugh, the merchant said,The doctors
purged, and dosed, and bledAnd proved through
solemn disputationThe cause lay in some
constellation.Then they began to die.First
they sneezed, the merchant said,And then they
turned the brightest red,Begged for water, then
fell back.With bulging eyes and face turned
black,they waited for the flies.
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A Little Macabre Ditty (3)
I came away, the merchant said,You cant do
business with the dead.So Ive come here to ply
my trade.Youll find this to be a fine brocade
And then he sneezed.!
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What were thepolitical,economic,and social
effectsof the Black Death??