Formation of Western Europe

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Formation of Western Europe

• Chapter 14

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I. Crusades

• Palestine Holy land where Jesus lived and
  taught
• European Christians made regular pilgrimages to
  Palestine
• 1000s Islamic Turks took over the holy land and
  Christians were no longer allowed to visit

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A. Call for War

• 1095 Pope Urban II called for a war to take
  back the holy land from the Muslims
• Crusades Holy war to retake Palestine
• Urban II claimed anyone killed fighting in the
  Crusades would go straight to heaven

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Holy War
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B. Myths About Islam

• Believed that Muslims worshiped many gods
• Believed that Muslims eat babies
• Believed the Muslims worshiped idols

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C. First Crusade (1096-1099)

• Nobles stopped fighting each other and joined the
  Crusades
• Widespread excitement for the 1st Crusade
• 1st Crusade was the only successful one for the
  Christians
• Were able to recapture Jerusalem and establish
  the Crusader States

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D. 2nd Crusade

• Christian armies suffered humiliating defeats
• Gained nothing and were forced to retreat

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E. 3rd Crusade

• Richard the Lion-Hearted English King who led
  the 3rd Crusade
• Muslims regained Jerusalem but allowed unarmed
  Christians to freely visit the holy land

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F. Other Crusades

• 5 more unsuccessful crusades were attempted
• Childrens Crusade 30,000 unarmed children went
  to the holy land
• Believe that God would lead them to victory
• Most were killed or sold into slavery

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G. Spanish Crusade

• Moors Muslims who controlled most of Spain
  until the 1100s
• Reconquista Effort by Spain to drive the Moors
  out of the country
• 1492 Spain ends the Moors rule under the
  leadership of Ferdinand and Isabella

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Charles Martels Victory in the Battle of Tours
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• Spain is unified as a Christian nation
• Inquisition Church court that tried people for
  heresy
• People charged of heresy were either tortured or
  burnt at the stake

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Spanish Inquisition
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H. Effect of the Crusades

• 1) Lessened the Popes power
• 2) Lessened the power of the feudal nobility
• 3) Created bitterness between Christians and
  Muslims that continues today
• 4) Increased the persecution of Jews