Complex Invertebrates

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Complex Invertebrates
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Jointed Leg Animals

• Ex. Insects, spiders crayfish
• Have an exoskeleton, a skeleton on the outside of
  the body make of hard, waterproof, nonliving
  substances. It also protects body from injury
  and drying out, and provided a place for growth
  to occur

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• Bilateral symmetry
• Have appendages or structures that grow out of an
  animals body. Examples of appendages are arms
  legs and antenna. They are jointed to allow for
  quick movement
• 80 of all known animal types on earth are
  Arthropods

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• Molting is a process of shedding an exoskeleton.
  This is essential for arthropods to grow

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5 Classes of Arthropods

• Crayfish
• Have mouthparts that hold, cut, and crush food
• 2 pairs of antennae(appendages on head for
  sensing smell and touch)
• Compound eyes for seeing. These eyes have many
  lenses

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• 2 body sections
• 5 pairs of legs for walking
• 1 claw like pair of legs at head for grabing and
  holding food

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Spiders and Scorpions

• 4 pairs of walking legs
• Simple eyes. These eyes have 1 lense
• No antennae
• 2 body sections
• Feeding mechanism Trap food in fangs bite into
  inject poison stun prey eats prey
• All are dangerous to humans

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Centipedes

• Have a head, long segmented body, many legs
• 100 (centi)feet (pede)
• 30 legs maximum
• Appendages on first segment are poison claws used
  to capture food
• Eat insects (carnivores)

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• Can be dangerous to humans

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Millipedes

• Have a head, long and segmented body 2 pares of
  legs
• 1000 (milli) feet (pede)
• Slow moving
• Eat plants (herbivores)
• 2 pairs legs per segment

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Insects

• 5th class or Arthropods- more types of insects
  than all other animals combined!!!
• Live all over (air, ocean, mountains)
• Many shapes and colors
• Mouthparts varies according to type of food
  (chewing, sucking, lapping)
• Body has 3 main parts

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• 3 pairs of walking legs
• 2 compound eyes and 3 simple eyes
• 1 pair of antennae
• Several have wings
• Only invertebrate than can fly
• Reproduce sexually by eggs and sperm
• Have separate sexes

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• Helpful in the following ways
• Eat harmful insects for food
• Moths eat aphids that feed on plants
• Bees carry pollen from flower to flower
• Bees produce honey

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• Harmful in the following ways
• Destroy crops
• Termites eat wood
• Moths destroy cloths
• Houseflies carry bacteria and cause disease

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Spiny skin (ex. Sea urchin sand dollar, starfish

• 5 part body structure
• Radial symmetry
• Has spines
• Starfish have tube feet suction cups on the
  bottom of starfish that help it move, attach to
  rocks, and get food
• Starfish reproduce sexually with separate sexes
  by egg and sperm

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• Also reproduce asexually by regenerating arms
  that are removed

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Vertebrates

• Chordates A phylum in which an animal has a
  tough, flexible rod along its back
• Live on land or the water
• Have an endoskeleton- a skeleton on the inside of
  the body that allows for growth of an organism
  (unlike and exoskeleton)
• In most vertebrates, the cord along the back is
  replaced by a backbone

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• Largest animals on earth
• Well developed body systems
• Circulatory system with a heart and blood vessels
• Digestive system to change food into a useful
  form
• Skeletal system for support

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• respiratory system for gas exchange
• Nervous system for control
• Large brains, very intellegent

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7 classes of chordates

• Jawless fish
• Cartilaginous fish
• Bony fish
• Amphibians
• Reptiles
• Birds
• mammals

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General fish characteristics

• Cold blooded, or having a body temperature that
  changes with the temp of surroundings
• Live in water, breathe with gills. Water is
  pumped into mouth 02 picked up in gills Excess
  water leaves through gill slits
• Most fish have scales to protect their bodies

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• Have fins to help fish to move from side to side
  when swimming
• Lateral line runs along each side of the body
  detects water movement and presence of objects
• Three classes of fish Jawless, Cartilage, boney

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7 Classes of Vertebrates

• Jawless Fish (ex. Lamprey)
• No jaws
• No scales
• Endo skeleton, cartilage is a tough, flexible
  tissue that supports shapes the body
• Smooth skin
• No fins

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• Feeding Mechanism Lamprey are parasites. They
  attach to other animals with sharp, tooth
  structures which cut a hole in the skin. They
  then suck out blood body fluids.

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Cartilaginous ex. Skates and rays

• Cartilage skeleton
• No bone
• Tooth like scales on the body
• Paired fins
• Sharks have tube like bodies, paired fins, rows
  of teeth to hold cut up food

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• Rays are flat, live on the ocean bottom, eat
  protists invertebrates in the ocean, most are
  harmless to humans, but some sting rays have whip
  like tails that can cause a painful wound.

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Boney fish (ex perch, bass, flounder)

• Endo boney skeleton
• Smooth, boney scales on body to provide
  protection against enemies indections. Scales
  are covered with a slimy covering to help them
  glide through the water.
• Have an air bladder, a bag like pouch that fills
  with gas to allow fish to adjust their depth in
  the water (go up or down in water)

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• Reproduce via sexual reproduction the female
  lays eggs in the water, the male deposits sperm,
  and the egg gets fertilized in the water.
  Fertilization development occur OUTSIDE the
  mothers body.

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Amphibians

• Animal that lives part of its life on land, part
  in water. (ex. Frogs, toads, salamanders)
• Young amphibians live in water adult amphibians
  live on land
• Adults need to remain in moist areas so skin
  wont dry out

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• Reproduce via sexual reproduction
• Cold blooded (their body temperature can change
  to the temperature of their surroundings). They
  also hibernate during cold weather, which means
  they are sleeping during cold weather, and eat no
  food and use very little exygen.

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• They help contain insect populations by eating
  them
• Used in medical research, eaten be reptiles,
  birds, mammals

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• tadpole

• frog

• Live in water
• Breathe with gills (take in O2)
• Have no tails

• Live on land, in moist areas
• Breathe with lungs
• Have no tails

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• Frogs have a broad mouth with a sticky tongue to
  catch insects
• 2 pairs of front legs hind legs more powerful for
  jumping
• Webbed feet for swimming
• Eyes stick out from the head for hunting to catch
  prey

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• Salamanders have a tail all throughout their
  lives
• 2 pairs of legs are the same size
• Live only in moist places
• Keep gills throughout life

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Reptiles

• An animal that has dry, scaly skin can live on
  land. (ex. Snakes, lizards, turtles, crocodiles,
  alligators)
• Cold blooded vertebrates
• Have a backbone endoskeleton
• Dry scaly skin protects and prevents water loss

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• Some reptiles skin sovered by scaly plates
• Well developed lings
• 2 pairs of legs clawed toes for running,
  climbing digging nests in the soil (snakes
  some lizards dont have legs)
• Move quickly
• Reptiles egg has tough, leathery shell to protect
  it keep it from drying out

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• Eggs are laid on land
• Many reptiles live in or near water
• Eat insects, pests, eats mice
• Eaten by other reptiles

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Birds

• Have wings, a beak, 2 legs a covering of scales
• Scales on legs
• Claws on toes
• Well developed lungs
• Young develop inside the female body

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• Adapted for flying, hollow bones, powerful
  muscles. Some do NOT fly (ex. Ostrich)
• Warm blooded (they control their body temperature
  so that it stays the same no matter what the
  temperature of the surroundings)
• Feathers help keep the body temperature constant

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• Have beaks to get food
• Can be helpful to farmers humans food source,
  kill destructive insects in crops

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Mammals

• An animal that has hair feeds milk to its young
  (ex humans- Homo sapiens)
• Warm blooded
• Hair to keep constant body temperature
• Young feeds on milk produced by mothers mammary
  glandsbody parts that produce milk

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• Reproduce via sexual reproduction (fertilization
  development occur inside the mothers body

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3 types of mammal development

• Inside mothers body (human)
• In pouches(kangaroos, opossum)
• Inside eggs (duck-billed platypus)