Plants and Animals

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Plants and Animals
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Questions

• E. How are plants and animals similar and
  different?
• U1. What do we know about plants?
• A. What is a plant?
• B. What do they look like?
• U2. What do we know about animals?
• A. What is an animal?
• B. What do they look like?
• U3. How are plants and animals similar?
• A. How do they act alike?
• B. How do they look alike?
• U4. How are plants and animals different?
• A. How do they act different?
• B. How do they look different?

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What is a plant?

• A plant is a living, breathing thing that
  requires water, light, food, and oxygen in order
  to grow and survive.

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Seeds

•  Seeds are a plant's way of getting from one area
  to another by either wind, water, or animals.

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Roots

• The roots help provide support by anchoring the
  plant and absorbing water and nutrients needed
  for growth.
• They can also store sugars and carbohydrates that
  the plant uses to carry out other functions.
• Plants can have either a taproot system (such as
  carrots) or a fibrous root system (such as turf
  grass).
• In both cases, the roots carry the water and
  nutrients needed for plants to grow.

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Stems

• Stems carry water and nutrients taken up by the
  roots to the leaves.
• Then the food produced by the leaves moves to
  other parts of the plant.
• Stems also provide support for the plant allowing
  the leaves to reach the sunlight that they need
  to produce food.

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Leaves

• Leaves are the food making factories of green
  plants.
• Leaves come in many different shapes and sizes.
• Leaves can be simple. They are made of a single
  leaf blade connected by a petiole to the stem.
• An oak leaf and a maple leaf are examples.
• A compound leaf is a leaf made up of separate
  leaflets attached by a petiole to the stem like
  an ash or a locust.

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Leaves and Photosynthesis

• Leaves are made to catch light and have openings
  to allow water and air to come and go.
• The outer surface of the leaf has a waxy coating
  called a cuticle which protects the leaf.
• Veins carry water and nutrients within the leaf.
• Leaves are the site of the food making process
  called photosynthesis. In this process, carbon
  dioxide and water in the presence of chlorophyll
  (the green pigment) and light energy are changed
  into glucose (a sugar).
• This energy rich sugar is the source of food used
  by most plants.
• Photosynthesis is unique to green plants!
  Photosynthesis supplies food for the plant and
  oxygen for other forms of life.

• A green plant helped make the oxygen you are
  breathing today.

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Flowers

• Flowers not only look pretty but, in fact, are
  important in making seeds.
• Flowers have some basic parts.
• The female part is the pistil.
• The pistil usually is located in the center of
  the flower and is made up of three parts the
  stigma, style, and ovary.
• The stigma is the sticky knob at the top of the
  pistil.
• It is attached to the long, tube-like structure
  called the style.
• The style leads to the ovary that contains the
  female egg cells called ovules.

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Flowers

• The male parts are called stamens and usually
  surround the pistil.
• The stamen is made up of two parts the anther
  and filament.
• The anther produces pollen (male reproductive
  cells).
• The filament holds the anther up.

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Fertilization

• During the process of fertilization, pollen lands
  on the stigma, a tube grows down the style and
  enters the ovary.
• Male reproductive cells travel down the tube and
  join with the ovule, fertilizing it.
• The fertilized ovule becomes the seed, and the
  ovary becomes the fruit.

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Our K-W-L Chart

• What we
• Know
• about plants
• Plants need water
• Plants need soil
• Plants need light

• What we
• Wonder
• about plants
• How much water is too much? Too little?
• How do soils differ?
• How much light? What kind of light?
• How do plants eat?
• How do plants grow?

• What we
• Learned
• about plants
• help us breathe
• give us shade
• are homes for animals
• are pretty to look at
• give us compost
• give animals food
• give us food

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What is an animal?

• An animal is a living, breathing thing that
  requires water, light, food, and oxygen in order
  to grow and survive.

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Are there different kinds?

• There are several different kinds of animals.
• There are several different types of animals.
• There are several species.
• Mammals
• Birds
• Reptiles
• Amphibians
• Fish
• In each different species, there are several
  different animals and several extensions of the
  same or similar animals.

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Mammals

• What are they?
• Humans, kangaroos, anteaters, bats, monkeys,
  foxes, etc.
• What do they look like?
• Warm-blooded vertebrates with hair or fur
• Have mammary glands to produce milk
• Where do they live?
• Occupy all continents
• Can live on land, below ground, in trees, in the
  air, in salt and fresh water

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Birds

• What are they?
• Penguins, pelicans, flamingos, ducks, parrots,
  etc.
• What do they look like?
• All birds are covered with feathers but not all
  fly
• All birds hatch from wings
• All birds have two wings and two feet
• Warm-blooded (endothermic) vertebrates
• Where do they live?
• Nomadic and move depending on weather and food

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Reptiles

• What are they?
• Crocodiles, lizards, snakes, turtles, etc.
• What do they look like?
• Cold-blooded animals
• Backbone
• Tough skin with a covering of skills
• Lungs for breathing
• Most lay eggs, some give live birth

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Amphibians

• What are they?
• Frogs, salamanders, newts, etc.
• double life
• What do they look like?
• Cold-blooded vertebrates
• Moist skin without scales
• Lay jelly-covered eggs or give live birth
• Where do they live?
• Begins in water with gills but changes into a
  terrestrial adult through metamorphosis

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Fish

• What are they?
• Sharks, rays, gars, tarpons, eels, etc.
• What do they look like?
• Backboned
• Largest group of vertebrates
• Breath using gills
• Body covered with scales
• Cold-blooded
• 2 chamber hearts and manuever using fins
• Where do they live?
• In water

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Invertebrates

• What are they?
• Frogs, salamanders, newts, etc.
• More than 95 of all species
• More than 30 types, including sponges
• What do they look like?
• Backbone, no bones, no cartilage
• Where do they live?
• All areas but mostly in the oceans

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Our K-W-L Chart

• What we
• Know
• about animals
• need food like us
• are pretty to look at
• give us food
• eat plants

• What we
• Wonder
• about animals
• what do they like to eat
• how often do they sleep

What we Learned about animals

• living, breathing organisms that need oxygen,
  water, food, and light to survive
• have a respiratory system

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Similarities

• There are several different types of both.
• They both need water, oxygen, light, and food to
  survive.
• They all require attention of some sort- from
  mother to cub or gardener to plant.
• Both plants and animals move.
• Both plants and animals have circulatory systems.

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Differences

• Plants

• Animals

• Plants have stems and leaves.
• Plants photosynthesize.
• Plants move to the wind.

• Animals have legs.
• Animals hunt and kill food.
• Animals have legs.
• Animals move with their legs.