Classical Period

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Classical Period

• (Neo-Classical or Enlightenment Era)
• 18th century- 19th century
• 1750-1825

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Classical Style

• Neo means new
• Also known as the age of reason
• Returned to ideas of ancient Greece Rome
• Strict rules, pure uncomplicated
• Embraces the music of Haydn, Mozart, and Beethoven

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Classical Music

• 2 important new kinds of music
• 1. Sonata-written in 3-4 movements (sections)
  for 1- 2 instruments
• 2. Symphony-large piece written in 3-4 movements
  for an orchestra
• 2 great composers of the time
• 1. Franz Joseph Haydn
• 2. Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart

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Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart1756-1791
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Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart

• Austrian born child prodigy (Unusual,
  extraordinary, a marvel having unusual skills at
  something at an early age)
• Was giving large scale performances by the age of
  6
• Known as 1 of the greatest composers of all time
• Composed 1st symphony at age 8
• Composed very quickly
• He spread his reputation by publishing things,
  playing the piano and having one of his operas
  performed in 1782
• Died a very poor man at the age of 35
• Buried in Vienna, small ceremony unmarked grave
  
• Composed The Magic Flute the year he died

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Mozarts Father Leopold
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Orchestra

• Orchestra-group of musicians Todays orchestra
  established during this time
• Only had about 30-40 players, today 100
• Size of orchestra depended on size of the salon
  (small parlor) wealth of the people attending
• Large concert halls didnt exist. As they were
  built larger larger, more instruments added to
  each instrument group
• Sections of first Orchestra
• String Choir-violins, violas, cellos, bass
• 6 Woodwind players-2 flutes, 2 oboes, 2 bassoons
• 4 Brass players-2 horns, 2 trumpets
• Percussions section-1 pair kettle drums

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Salon (Reading Hour)
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Modern Orchestra
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Franz Joseph Haydn1732-1809
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Franz Joseph Haydn

• Poor family, he was the son of a wheelwright.
• He trained as a choirboy at age 8
• Later lived in a palace for 30 years paid to
  write as much music as possible
• At age 60 was invited to go to London to compose
  symphonies conduct public concerts
• Played the harpsichord (piano-like instrument)
• Grouped the instruments of the orchestra
• Known as the father of symphony, composed 100
• Nickname Papa Haydn
• He died in 1809 at the age if 77

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Harpsichord
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Harpsichord and Clavichord
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Haydns Writing
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Beethoven
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Ludwig von Beethoven

• Born on December 16, 1770 in Bonn
• His first public concert was on March 26, 1778,
  at age 7
• Became deaf in early 20s.
• Considered rude temperamental by many
• Never heard his most famous symphony, 9th
  Symphony
• Died exactly 49 years later on the same day as
  his first concert.
• When he died it is said that 10,000 people
  attended his funeral.

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Classical Dance

• The Romonov family in Russia wanted to westernize
  their court so they invited artists in western
  Europe to perform in Russia

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Jean George Noverre

• Was a choreographer who saw the need to reform in
  ballet.

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Marius Petipa

• Ballet dancer who danced at the Imperial Theatre
  became chief ballet master
• Choreographed Don Quixote, La Bayadere, The
  Sleeping Beauty, the Nutcracker and Swan Lake.

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Classical Theatre

• Drama very important to aristocratic court
• Melodrama means music drama
• Time of French American Revolution, philosophy
  politics important
• Called the good old days of literature

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Moliere (Jean Baptiste Poquelin)

• French playwright actor
• Worked for King Louis XIV
• Master of Satire (makes fun of humanity)
• His death caused superstition thru even modern
  theatre (He was wearing yellow when he died is
  still supposedly bad luck to wear yellow)

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Neo-Classical Art

• Focused on the natural and belief n superiority
  of rational thought over emotion.
• Public buildings based on the ideals of
  perfection of humanity.

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Jacques-Louis David

• Napoleon Crossing the St. Bernard Pass, c.1801
• French artist
• Considered the hero of neo-classical art due to
  serious artworks that represents the ideals of
  that period.
• Official artist of French Revolution
• Painted leaders of the war created costumes for
  them
• Death was a result of being ran over by a
  carriage

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Thomas Jefferson

• Thomas Jefferson was 3rd president, principal
  author of Declaration of Independence,
  architect, agriculturalist, etymologist,
  horticulturist, archaeologist, cryptographer,
  surveyor, paleontologist, lawyer, inventor,
  violinist, mathematician, author, founder of U.
  of Virginia.
• Designed his home, Monticello, including
  automatic doors the first swivel chair

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Monticello Jefferson Memorial
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Neo-Classical Art

• Giovanni Paolo Pannini 
• The Colosseum and the Arch of Constantine

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Neo-Classical Architecture
Rebelled against ornate Baroque style
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Classic Greek Architecture 600 B.C.
Temple of Hephaestus
Parthenon at Acropolis
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The Death of Marat