Warm-Up

1
Warm-Up

• List two reasons the United States should be
  involved in other countries affairs.
• - OR-
• List two reasons the United States should not be
  involved in other countries affairs

2
America Claims an Empire

• Global competition prompts the United States to
  expand its influence and territory, engage in
  conflicts around the globe, and build the Panama
  Canal.

3
Imperialism and America Section 1

• Beginning in 1867 and continuing through the
  century, global competition causes the United
  States to expand.

4
Imperialism

• policy of extending control over weaker nations
• In 1800s, Europeans divide up most of Africa,
  compete for China
• Japan joins race for China
• U.S. decides to expand overseas if you cant
  beat em join em

5
Imperialism

• Three Factors Fueled American Imperialism
• 1) Desire for military strength
• 2) Thirst for new markets
• 3) Belief in cultural superiority

6
Imperialism

• Desire for Military Strength
• U.S. builds modern battleships, becomes third
  largest naval power
• Built the Maine and the Oregon

7
Imperialism

• Thirst for New Markets
• U.S. farms, factories produce more than
  Americans can consume surplus
• Foreign trade solution to overproduction,
  unemployment, depression

8
Economic Objective of Imperialism

• Favorable Balance of Trade - Exporting more than
  you import
• Reason America was looking for new world
  markets, RAW MATERIALS.
• America achieves this and becomes a world
  economic power

9
Imperialism

• Belief in Cultural Superiority
• Some combine Social Darwinism, belief in
  superiority of Anglo-Saxons
• Argue U.S. has duty to Christianize and
  civilize the inferior peoples

10
Imperialism

• Alaska
• William Seward Secretary of State under Lincoln
  and Johnson

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12
Imperialism

• Alaska
• 1867, Seward arranges purchase of Alaska from
  Russia for 7.2 million
• Alaska called Sewards Icebox, Sewards Folly
• Alaska rich in timber, minerals, oil

13
Imperialism

• The Cry for Annexation of Hawaii
• Hawaii used as rest stop
• 1887, U.S. pressures Hawaii to allow naval base
  at Pearl Harbor
• becomes refueling station

14
Imperialism

• The Cry for Annexation of Hawaii
• 75 of wealth is American sugar plantations
• 1890 McKinley Tariff Tax of imported goods
• Planters call for U.S. to annex islands so it
  will not have to pay tax

15
Imperialism

• The End of a Monarchy
• 1887, businessmen force King Kalakaua to limit
  vote to rich landowners
• Queen Liliuokalani tries to remove landowning
  requirement

16
Imperialism

• The End of a Monarchy
• With help of marines, business groups overthrow
  queen
• Set up government headed by Sanford B. Dole
• McKinley declares Hawaii U.S. territory August
  12, 1898

17
The Spanish-American War

• In 1898, the United States goes to war to help
  Cuba win its independence from Spain.

18
Cuba Libre!

• Cubas War for Independence
• José Martípoet, journalistlaunches second
  revolution in 1895 (first 1868-1878)
• U.S. public opinion split
• business wants to support Spain sugar
  plantations
• others favor Cuban cause

19
Americans had long been interested in Cuba
20
Cuba Libre!

• Spain Takes Action
• 1896, General Valeriano Weyler sent to Cuba to
  restore order
• Puts about 300,000 Cubans in concentration camps

21
Cuba Libre!

• Yellow Journalism
• Sensational writing used to lure, enrage readers
• Joseph Pulitzer and William Randolph Hearst
  exploit Butcher Weyler
• Hearst said, You furnish the pictures and Ill
  furnish the war

22
Cuba Libre!

• Yellow Journalism
• The de Lôme Letter
• Private letter by Spanish minister to the US
  Enrique Dupuy de Lôme published New York
  Journal
• calls McKinley weak, swayed by public
• Spain apologizes, de Lôme resigns American
  public angry

23
Cuba Libre!

• The U.S.S. Maine Explodes
• U.S.S. Maine sent to pick up U.S. citizens,
  protect U.S. property
• Ship blows up in Havana harbor newspapers blame
  Spain

24
Spanish-American War

• The U.S. Declares War
• Spain agrees to most U.S. demands, public opinion
  still favors war
• Remember the Maine
• U.S. declares war April 1898

25
Spanish-American War
26
Spanish-American War

• The War in the Philippines
• First battle with Spain occurs in Spanish colony
  of the Philippines
• Commodore George Dewey/ Emilio Aguinaldo defeat
  Spanish troops Aug. 1898

27
Buffalo Soldier Bob Marley

• If you know your history,Then you would
  know where you coming from,Then you wouldnt
  have to ask me,Who the heck do I think I
  am.Said he was a buffalo soldier win the war
  for AmericaBuffalo soldier, dreadlock
  Rasta,Fighting on arrival, fighting for
  survivalDriven from the mainland to the heart
  of the Caribbean.

Troddin through San Juan in the arms of
AmericaTroddin through Jamaica, a buffalo
soldier-Fighting on arrival, fighting for
survivalBuffalo soldier, dreadlock rasta.

28
Spanish-American War

• Rough Riders
• Rough Riders Theodore Roosevelt lead volunteer
  cavalry
• Roosevelt declared hero of attack on strategic
  San Juan Hill
• Exaggerated
• Two African American Regiments did most of the
  work that preceded them

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Spanish-American Wars

• Treaty of Paris
• Spain, U.S. sign armistice August 1898 meet in
  Paris to make treaty
• Spain frees Cuba hands Guam, Puerto Rico to
  U.S. sells Philippines 20 million

31
Spanish-American War

• Debate over the Treaty
• Treaty of Paris touches off great debate over
  imperialism
• McKinley tries to justify annexation of
  Philippines on moral grounds need to
  Christianize them
• AKA White Mans Burdon

32
Acquiring New Lands

• In the early 1900s, the United States engages in
  conflicts in Puerto Rico, Cuba, and the
  Philippines.

33
Puerto Rico

• Then
• During Spanish-American War, Americans occupy
  Puerto Rico under military control
• PR strategic as post in Caribbean, for protection
  of future canal
• 1900 set up civil government
• 1917 Puerto Ricans made U.S. citizens

34
Puerto Rico

• Today
• Reject statehood and independence Afraid of
  losing Latino culture
• Want to be a commonwealth
• US Citizens
• Can move freely from PR to States
• Can be drafted
• Can not vote in US Elections

Man holds flag with 51 stars
35
Cuba

• After war U.S. occupies Cuba US puts same
  officials in office as Spain
• American military government helps rebuild the
  country

36
Cuba

• Platt Amendment
• U.S. makes Cuba add to its 1901 constitution
• No treaties with foreign power
• U.S. has right to intervene
• U.S. can buy, lease land for navy
• American Interests
• Tobacco, sugar, mining
• Becomes a protectorate for 31 years affairs
  partially controlled by a stronger nation

37
Philippine-American War

• Filipinos outraged at Treaty of Paris 20 Million
  deal
• Call for independence 1899

Emilio Aguinaldo
38
Philippine-American War

• Opinion Split
• White U.S. soldiers see Filipinos as inferior
• Black troops troubled at spreading prejudice
• 20,000 Filipinos die in fight for independence
• July 4, 1946, Philippines become independent

39
Argument over Imperialism

• The Anti-Imperialist League
• McKinleys election confirms most Americans favor
  imperialism
• Anti-Imperialist League has prominent people from
  different fields
• Goes against Declaration of Independence
• Booker T. Washington Settle race relations here
  before taking social problems elsewhere
• Samuel Gompers Afraid Filipinos would compete
  for jobs
• Andrew Carnegie We are doing fine

40
Teddy Roosevelt and the World
41
Teddy Roosevelt and the World

• Teddy Roosevelt and the World
• Panama owned by Columbia
• Panama Rebellion
• U.S. gives military aid
• U.S. pays 10 million for Canal Zone and rent for
  250,000 a year

42
Teddy Roosevelt and the World

• Constructing the Canal
• Construction of canal is one of worlds greatest
  engineering feats
• fight diseases, geographic obstacles
• at height, 43,400 workers employed
• 5,600 die

43
Construction on the Panama Canal
44
Panama Canal
45
Teddy Roosevelt and the World

• The Roosevelt Corollary
• Roosevelt fears European intervention
• Reminds Europeans of Monroe Doctrine, demands
  they stay out
• Roosevelt CorollaryU. S. to use force to protect
  economic interests