CIRI-CIRI UMUM:

1
CYANOBACTERIA

• CIRI-CIRI UMUM
• -Tipe sel sel Prokariotik (sama dengan bakteri)
• -Uniseluler dan Multiseluler
• -Memiliki pigmen fikosianin
• -Klorofil tidak di dalam kloroplas, tetapi
  tersebar di seluruh sitoplasma
• HABITAT
• -Perairan (terutama perairan tawar) dan
  tempat-tempat lembab.
• -Mampu hidup pada perairan dengan suhu sampai 85
  derajat C (sumber air panas) sehingga Ganggang
  Biru merupakan salah satu vegetasi perintis.

2

• 1. Alga biru uniseluler- Chroococcus -gt hidup di
  air/kolam yang tenang- Gloeocapsa -gt hidup pada
  batu atau epifit pada tumbuhan lain
• 2. Alga biru uniseluler berkoloni- Polycistis-
  Spirulina -gt dapat diolah menjadi makanan
  kesehatan (food suplement)
• 3. Alga biru berbentuk benang- Oscillatoria-
  Nostoc commune- anabaena azollae dan anabaena
  cycadae bersimbiosis dengan Azolla pinnata dan
  Cycas rumphii. Simbiosis Anabaena azollae dengan
  Azolla pinnata sebagai alternatif pupuk Urea,
  karena simbiosis ini dapat meningkatkan kadar
  Nitrogen di lahan persawahan.

3

• Cyanobacteria

Figure 16.13x
4

• These bacteria photosynthesize in a plant-like
  way
• They often bloom in polluted water

Figure 16.13A, B
5
Kingdom MONERADivision EUBACTERIACYANOBACT
ERIA - the Blue-Green Algae
6
Some Characteristics of the Cyanobacteria

• Contain Chlorophyll-a and carotenoids, plus the
  phycobilins (proteinaceous photosynthetic
  pigments) phycocyanin and phycoerythrin found in
  thylakoids
• Have cell walls of peptidoglycan
• The carbohydrate stored is glycogen
• Dont have flagella
• Some fix nitrogen in specialized cells called
  heterocysts

7
Gelatinous matrix
Individual cells
Gloeocapsa
Filaments of Nostoc commune
8
Symbiotic Associations of Cyanobacteria
Anaboena azollae in leaves of the water fern
Azolla Nostoc in apogeotropic roots of Zamia
Nostoc and other genera in some lichens Nostoc
in leaves of some tropical angiosperms Richelia
in some pennate diatoms Nostoc in Anthoceros
(Hornworts) Gloeocapsa in polar bear hairs
Cyanelles in protozoans (Glaucophytes) -
cyanobacteria enclosed in vacuoles, and acting
like chloroplasts
9
Cyanelles (endosymbiotic cyanobacteria) in the
glaucophyte Glaucocystis
10
Heterocysts
In Anaboena, the heterocysts are intercalary
Oscillatoria lacks heterocysts
In Rivularia, the heterocysts are basal
11
Akinetes
Heterocyst
Akinete
Cylindrospermum
Anabaena
12
Cell and Filament Division in Cyanophyta
Cell Division in Anaboena
Hormogonium Formation in Oscillatoria
13
False Branching in Cyanophyta
In Tolypothrix, false branching occurs adjacent
to the heterocyst
Scytonema
14
Geological Activities of Cyanobacteria
Travertine (calcium carbonate) precipitated by
cyanobacteria in Yellowstone National Park hot
springs (from Moore)
Stromatolites forming on tidal flats in Western
Australia (from Raven)
15
Cyanobacteria in Agriculture
The Water fern Azolla
Photo- synthetic tissue
Section through Azolla leaf
Cavity
Anaboena
Rice Paddy in Malaysia
Secretory hair
16
Cyanobacteria as Food
Flamingoes feeding on Spirulina in alkaline Lake
Nakuru, Kenya
Spirulina contains 70 its dry weight as
protein used Spirulina as food (Single cell
Protein)