Viking Discovery in the New World

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Viking Discovery in the New World Erik the
Red Leif Erikkson
Erik the Red landing in Iceland
Viking Ship
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Prince Henry the Navigator- (Portugal) set up a
center for exploration. Astronomers,
geographers, and mathematicians all gathered in
one place to share ideas. Really laid the
groundwork for the Age of Exploration.
Bartholomew Dias- (Portugal)- Sailed around the
southern tip of Africa and named it Cape of Good
Hope. Wanted to continue to India to be the first
European explorer to establish an all water trade
route with Asia, but his crew mutinied and turned
around.
Vasco de Gama- (Portugal)- Followed Dias route
to the Cape of Good Hope then continued up the
east coast of Africa all the way to India. The
first European to make this all water voyage to
Asia and establish trade with India. His voyage
was so important, most people forgot about
Columbus.
Amerigo Vespucci- (Portugal)- Explored east coast
of South America. He was the first person to
suggest the lands found and discovered by
Columbus and John Cabot had discovered were
actually new, unknown lands. A German map maker
eventually named the two new continents after
him, and the name America has stuck ever since
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Christopher Columbus
European Voyages of Exploration Christopher
Columbus
Three Ships, sailing for Spain- Santa María,
Pinta (the Painted) and Santa Clara, nicknamed
Niña (the Girl). Four Voyages- Looking for all
water route to Asia by going west instead of
around Africa Led to widespread European
exploration and colonization in North and South
America Died disgraced and poor never knowing he
had found land previously unknown to
Europe Columbian Exchange - Wikipedia, the free
encyclopedia
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Juan Ponce de Leon- (Spain)- Discovered
Florida. He was searching for the Fountain of
Youth. He was eventually killed by Native
Americans many years later.
Vasco Núñez De Balboa- (Spain)- Arrived in Panama
as a stowaway onboard a Spanish ship. He
gathered a group of people to hack through the
Panamanian jungle in search of another ocean. He
traveled 45 miles to find what he called the
South Sea. Later, it was renamed the Pacific
Ocean. He was the first European to see this
body of water.
Hernán(do) Cortés- (Spain)- Conquered the Aztec
Empire and killed their leader- Montezuma. He
robbed the Aztecs of their gold, silver and
jewels. Many Aztecs were killed by the weapons
of Cortez and his Conquistadors, but disease
played a much larger role in conquering the
Aztecs.
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• Ferdinand Magellan- (Spain)- Found a strait at
  the tip of South America that now bears his name-
  Strait of Magellan. When he passed through this
  strait he became the first European to sail on
  the ocean Balboa had named the South Sea.
  Magellan renamed it the Pacific Ocean because the
  waters were so calm and peaceful. He eventually
  sailed to the Philippines where he was killed in
  a conflict with the natives. His crew continued
  and became the first crew to ever circumnavigate
  the earth. Of the original 300 sailors, only 18
  survived the entire journey. His journey proved
  many things
• The earth is a sphere and Asia could be reached
  by sailing west.
• The earth was larger than people thought.
• There is more water than land on earth.
• The lands discovered by Columbus and Cabot were
  indeed new continents, not just islands.
• There was no passage south through the
  continents, so future explorers would have to
  search north for an all water route through the
  Americas.

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Francisco Pizarro- (Spain)- Heard of an empire
even wealthier than the Aztecs farther south.
Assembled 200 men and traveled to present-day
Peru to conquer the Inca. He easily did this,
took their valuables, and claimed Peru as part of
the Spanish empire.
Álvar Núñez Cabeza de Vaca- (Spain)- In an
expedition with Panfilo de Narvaez to explore the
Southeastern US. He was one of 4 men out of 800
who survived this 8 year expedition from Florida
to Texas. His name translates to Head of Cow.

Hernando de Soto- (Spain)- He was the first
European to see the Mississippi River. He was
looking through the southeastern part of what is
now the US for riches like Cortez and Pizarro.
He died of fever in 1541, and his men dropped
his body into the Mississippi to hide it from
natives.
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Francisco Coronado- (Spain)- His quest was to
find Cibola- the Seven Cities of Gold. He had
heard that gold was so plentiful there, the
natives used it for everyday items like tools.
He had also heard the streets were paved with
gold. After two years of searching the deserts
in what is now the southwestern US, he found
Cibola. It was nothing more than a poor native
village. He returned to Mexico with just 100 of
his original 300 men.
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Jacques Cartier- (France)- Searched the east
coast of North America looking for the Northwest
Passage. He discovered and explored the St.
Lawrence River. He claimed the land for France
and named it New France. This land is now known
as Canada.
Samuel de Champlain- (France)- Also searched New
France for a Northwest Passage. He established
the city of Quebec. He explored the Great Lakes
and made extensive maps of the area. He inspired
many French people and other Europeans to want to
settle in the New World. He also traded with and
befriended the natives while living among them.
Father Jacques Marquette and Louis Joliet
(France)- Explored the Mississippi River all the
way to Arkansas. Father Marquette converted many
natives to Catholicism on the journey while
Joliet made detailed maps of the Mississippi.
Their voyage proved the Mississippi flowed to the
Gulf of Mexico and not the Pacific.
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Robert de LaSalle- (France)- He explored the
entire length of the Mississippi River. He
claimed the entire Mississippi Valley for France.
He named the new territory Louisiana in honor of
King Louis XIV of France. He also discovered
and explored some of the Ohio River.
Sir Francis Drake- (England)- He was the first
Englishman to circumnavigate the earth. He was
also the Vice Admiral of the navy when it
defeated the Spanish Armada. This established
English sea supremacy. The Spanish know him as a
pirate who stole many of their gold-laden ships.
John Cabot (Giovanni Caboto)- (England)- He is
believed to be the first European since the
Vikings to go ashore on the mainland of North
America. The English used this discovery to
lay claim to all of North America.
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Henry Hudson- (Holland)- Searched for Northwest
Passage. Explored Hudson River and Hudson Bay.
Thought the Hudson Bay was the NW Passage. When
his men discovered it wasnt, they set Hudson and
his son adrift in the icy waters never to be
heard from again. Holland used his discoveries
to claim land in what is now New York. They
eventually established a colony called New
Amsterdam- present-day New York.