Sexually Transmitted Infections and HIV/AIDS

1
Sexually Transmitted Infections and HIV/AIDS

• Chapter 25
• Lessons One and Two
• Common STIs and Risks
• Pgs 648-56

2
STIs and STDs

• STIs and STDs are infectious diseases spread
  through sexual contact
• STI is the abbreviation for sexually transmitted
  infection
• STD is the abbreviation for sexually transmitted
  disease
• A person can have an infection and pass it to
  others without necessarily having the disease

3
The Hidden Epidemic

• Epidemics are occurrences of diseases in which
  many people in the same place at the same time
  are affected
• STDs are the most common communicable diseases in
  the U.S.
• 65 million people in the U.S. are living with an
  incurable STD

4
The Hidden Epidemic

• Many people with STDs are asyptomatic or without
  symptoms. They infect others unknowingly
• Even when STDs are diagnosed, they may not be
  reported to health departments to notify people

5
High Risk Behavior and STDsTeens make up 25 of
new STD cases each year

• Being sexually active with more than one person
• Having unprotected sex
• Selecting high-risk partners
• Using alcohol and other drugs

6
The Consequences of STDs

• Some STDs are incurable and can remain in the
  body for life
• Some STDs cause cancer (liver cancer or cervical
  cancer)
• Some STDs can affect the ability to reproduce by
  damaging reproductive organs
• Some STDs can be passed from an infected female
  to her child before, during, or after birth

7
The Importance and Benefits of Abstinence

• Cause and Effect Sexual activity is the cause
  and an STD is the effect
• Abstinence is the deliberate decision to avoid
  harmful behaviors including sexual activity
  before marriage
• Use refusal skills and choose friends who also
  support abstinence

8
Human Papillomavirus (HPV)

• HPV can cause genital warts or asymptomatic
  infection
• It is the most common STD in the U.S.
• CDC estimates that 50-75 of sexually active
  people will acquire HPV sometime in their lives
• There is no treatment
• HPV can cause cancer of the cervix, penis, and
  anus

9
Genital Warts

• Pink or reddish cauliflowerlike tops that appear
  on the genitals, vagina, or cervix 1-3 months
  after HPV
• Highly contagious and are spread by any form of
  sexual contact
• Treatment can get rid of the warts, but not the
  virus
• Infants born to mothers with HPV can develop the
  warts in the throat which obstruct breathing

10
Chlamydia

• Chlamydia is a bacterial infection that affects
  the reproductive organs
• 40 of cases are reported in teens 15 to 19 years
  old
• There are no visible symptoms in 75 of females
  and 50 of males
• When symptoms are present, males may experience a
  discharge from the penis or burning during
  urination. Females may have vaginal discharge,
  burning during urination, or abdominal pain

11
Chlamydia

• Chlamydia is diagnosed by lab examination of
  secretions from the cervix in females and from
  the urethra in males
• It can be treated with antibiotics but a person
  can be infected again
• Chlamydia often goes unnoticed until serious
  complications occur such as pelvic inflammatory
  disease in females and infertility in both
  genders
• Infants born to infected mothers may develop eye
  disease or pneumonia and are often born
  prematurely

12
Genital Herpes

• Genital Herpes is an STD caused by the herpes
  simplex virus
• Type 1 causes cold sores
• Type 2 cause genital sores
• About 20 of the total adolescent population in
  the U.S. is infected

13
Genital Herpes

• Most individuals are asymptomatic
• Typical symptoms are blisterlike sores in the
  genital area
• The virus can be spread with or without visible
  symptoms
• Medication relieves the symptoms but cant cure
  the virus
• People with herpes are more capable of
  transmitting or acquiring HIV

14
GonorrheaThe Clap

• Gonorrhea is a bacterial STD that affects mucous
  membranes
• Highest rates found in females 15-19 years old
  and males 20-24 years old
• Symptoms in males discharge from the penis and
  painful urination
• 50 of females have no symptoms. Some have
  vaginal discharge and painful urination

15
Gonorrhea

• Gonorrhea can be treated with antibiotics but
  people can be reinfected if exposed
• If untreated, gonorrhea can lead to infertility
  in both genders
• The bacteria can spread to the bloodstream and
  cause permanent joint damage
• Females can pass it to their babies and babies
  can be contract eye infection leading to blindness

16
Trichomoniasis

• Trichomoniasis is an STD caused by a microscopic
  protozoan that results in infections of the
  vagina, urethra, and bladder.
• Females may have no symptoms but the disease may
  result in vaginitis an inflammation of the
  vagina characterized by discharge, odor,
  irritation, and itching
• Males usually show no symptoms but may have
  itching or discharge and burning after urination

17
Syphilis

• Syphilis is an STD that attacks many parts of the
  body and is caused by a small bacterium called a
  spirochete.
• The first sign of infection is a red painless
  sore called a chancre.

18
Syphilis

• A chancre will heal on its own, but left
  untreated it can spread through the blood to
  other body parts
• Eventually it can damage internal organs like the
  heart, liver, nervous system, and kidneys
• A person is at risk for paralysis, convulsions,
  blindness, and heart disease.
• An infant infected with syphilis can have a
  damaged nervous system and die

19
Treatment

• Prevention is every individuals responsibility
• Embarrassment should not keep a person from
  getting medical treatment
• Only a professional can prescribe the correct
  treatment
• Personal information is kept confidential
  although an infected person should notify all
  sexual partners (current and past)