BSA Electricity Merit Badge

1
Electricity Merit Badge AC Alternating Current
2
ACAlternating Current
Output
Output
Spinning Wire Coil
When a coil of wire passes through a magnetic
field it produces an Alternating Current
1 m 2 m
3
ACAlternating Current
Two types of Electricity AC Alternating
Current produced from a generator. DC Direct
Current produced from a battery.
RMS 120 VAC
AC Alternating Current
170 Volts
Water Wheel
Electric Generator
Ground
- 170 Volts
60 cycles per second
Generator contains Coil of Wire and Magnets
1 m 3 m
4
AC Power / Voltage Generation
Hydro Power Water Wheel Generator
Steam Power Generators Fuel Coal Steam Gas
Turbines Nuclear Reactors
Wind Power Generator
Generator
Steam Engine
1 m 4 m
5
Generator Demo
Generator
Light
120 VAC
Motor Spinning the Generator
Motor Speed Control
Voltage Meter
As the generator turns faster the voltage
increased
3 m 7 m
6
Electric Generation Plants
Hydro (Water) Power Plant
Coal, Gas, Oil-fired Steam Power Plant
.5 m 7.5 m
Wind Power Plant
Gas Turbine Combined Cycle Plant
7
AC Power / Voltage Generation
Power Plants generate Electricity at very high
voltage levels to reduce cable size and voltage
losses in transporting it long distances to
reach customers. It is stepped down through
transformers to 240 VAC at the home
500,000 VAC
Sub Station Transformer
Types of Generating Plants ___Hydro
Generator_______ ____Nuclear Generator_____ ____
Coal Generator____
440 VAC
240 VAC
240 VAC
1.5 m 9 m
8
Circuit Breaker / Fuses
240 VAC
What are some AC Appliances
120 VAC
240 VAC
Electric Meter
Electric Breaker Box
Stove
120 VAC
Electricity from the transformer connects first
through the electric meter then through the
breaker box to protect the house from overload or
short conditions. A breaker box can either be a
fuse or resettable breaker.
2 m 11 m
9
Circuit Breaker / Fuses
Not re-usable
Re-usable
Whats the difference
120 VAC in
120 VAC In
120 VAC Out
120 VAC Out
Blown Open
Good
Tripped Off
Good
Fuses A Fuse is like a light bulb. It will pass
electricity until it is overloaded, then the
metal fuse link will burn open. A short circuit
will cause an overload
Circuit Breaker A circuit breaker Is like a light
switch. If it is overloaded the switch
will overheat and click open. When it cools down
the switch can be reset. A short circuit will
cause an overload
1 m 12 m
10
House Wiring
A house is wired with heavy gauge wire to handle
120 Volts AC in order to power high wattage
devices that are found in a home. A circuit
breaker or fuse is used to protect the wire from
getting too hot, and possibly starting a fire.
House Items are rated in wattage, but the fuse is
in amps. How do we know if we are going to
overload our fuse or breaker box?
Show Toaster wattage rating
Hot wire
Meter
20 A
120 VAC
Four outlets on one breaker.
Circuit Breaker or Fuse Box
20 A
20 A
20 A
Ground (Zero Volts)
Watts Volts amps Amps Watts
Volts
Toaster 1200 Watts
TV 300 Watts
Microwave 600 Watts
Refrig 400 Watts
2 m 14 m
11
House Wiring
Hot wire
Meter
20 A
120 VAC
Four outlets on one breaker.
Circuit Breaker or Fuse Box
20 A
20 A
20 A
Ground (Zero Volts)
Watts Volts amps Amps Watts
Volts
Refrig 400 Watts
Toaster 1200 Watts
TV 300 Watts
Microwave 600 Watts
Determine if the circuit breaker is overloaded.
Calculate total power Refrig.
Toaster TV
Microwave Power _______ _______
_______ ______ _______
Watts/hour Amps watts ______
________ amps Overload Yes or No
_______ volts
3 m 17 m
12
House Wiring
Hot wire
Meter
20 A
120 VAC
Four outlets on one breaker.
Circuit Breaker or Fuse Box
20 A
20 A
20 A
Ground (Zero Volts)
Watts Volts amps Amps Watts
Volts
Refrig 400 Watts
Toaster 1200 Watts
TV 300 Watts
Microwave 600 Watts
Determine if the circuit breaker is overloaded.
Calculate total power Refrig.
Toaster TV
Microwave Power __400__ _1200__
_300___ _600__ _2500__
Watts/hour Amps watts _2500_
__20.8__ amps Overload Yes or No
__yes__ volts 120
1 m 18 m
13
Electric Meter
2600 watts x 24 hours 62,400 or 62.4 Kilo
watt-hours 62.4 K watts x 30 days 1872 K
watts-hours
Electric reading from previous month 2539
1
1
4
4
Reading
Subtract previous reading from new reading for
used.
New Reading _4411__ Previous Reading _2539__
Kilowatt-hour used _1872__ X .10 __187.20__
2 m 20 m
14
Electric Meter
Electric reading from previous month 5324
Reading
Subtract previous reading from new reading for
used.
New Reading _______ Previous Reading _______
Kilowatt-hour used ________ X .10 _______
2 m 22 m
15
Electric Meter
Electric reading from previous month 5324
2
4
6
8
Reading
Subtract previous reading from new reading for
used.
New Reading _8642__ Previous Reading _5324__
Kilowatt-hour used _3318__ X .10 __331.80__
1 m 23 m
16
Electric Plus and Wire
Electrical problems are created more often by
loose wire connectors than by worn or defective
cords. If a cord is actually defective, it must
be replaced. This is a good policy always and is
a requirement for buildings, because the
electrical safety code allows wire to be spliced
only inside junction boxes.
10 m 33 m
17
House Wiring Demonstration
Light
Meter
Circuit Breaker
Light Switch
AC Outlet
Plug and Wire
Draw in a light, light switch AC outlet with plug
in one outlet, Circuit breaker box and meter.
2 m 35 m
18
House Wiring Demonstration
Light
Meter
Circuit Breaker
Light Switch
Power is Supplied Of a 12 Volt Car Battery
AC Outlet
Plug and Wire
Students Line up and one at a time short out wire
then reset the circuit breaker
10 m 45 m
19
Electrical Wiring Example
1 Stove 2 Outlets 3 Light
Window
Window
Stove
Light
Outlet
Set
Circuit Breaker
Door
In room, draw electrical outlets, switches, and
lights. Draw only one side of electricity called
the Hot side. Also show doors and windows.
3 m 50 m
20
Electrical Wiring Example
1 Stove 2 Outlets 3 Light
Window
Window
Stove
Outlet
1 2 3
Circuit Breaker
Door
In room, draw electrical outlets, switches, and
lights. Draw only one side of electricity called
the Hot side. Also show doors and windows.
3 m 50 m
21
X10 Home Control
Meter
20 A
120 VAC
Circuit Breaker or Fuse Box
20 A
20 A
20 A
4
1
3
2
4
Chime
Controller send commands to module with correct
address
3
2
1
4
Controller
22
Electrical Wiring
Window
Window
Stove
Outlet
Door
Light Switch
Circuit Breaker
Outlet
In room, draw electrical outlets, switches, and
lights. Also show doors and windows.
3 m 50 m
23
Electrical Wiring
Window
Window
Outlet
Door
Light Switch
In room, draw electrical outlets, switches, and
lights. Also show doors and windows.
3 m 50 m