Thomas Jefferson: Jeffersonian America

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Thomas Jefferson Jeffersonian America

• The Presidential Years
• 1800-1808
• (1801-1809)

2

• The Republicans Political Revolution
• The Jeffersonian Presidency
• Jefferson and the West
• Conflict with Britain and France

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The Presidential Election of 1800
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The Revolution of 1800

• Jefferson - (Democratic-Republican) won
• John Adams - (Federalist)
• We are all Republicans, we are all Federalists
• Power in government transferred PEACEFULLY from
  one party to another
• Bloodless and revolutionary in International
  politics

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Jeffersons Early Policies

• FEDERALIST
• Maintained National Bank (a Federalist idea
  Hamilton)
• Maintained debt-repayment plan
• Carried on Neutrality policies of Washington and
  Adams

• REPUBLICAN
• Pursued limited central government
• Reduced size of military
• Eliminated federal jobs
• Repealed excise taxes (whiskey)
• All Republican cabinet

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Jeffersonian Republicanism

• A republic (small r) of independent, virtuous,
  yeoman farmers
• Self-sufficient, hard-working, proud

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• Map 8.6 Defining the National Boundaries, to
  1800-1820 (p. 240)

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• Map 8.4 U.S. Population Density in 1803 and the
  Louisiana Purchase (p. 234)

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The Louisiana Purchase 1803

• Napoleon sold to US for 3 an acre (15 million)
• TJ struggled with constitutionality of the
  purchase
• Saw territory as potential Northwest Passage to
  the Pacific
• Saw it as potential to be less tangled in
  European affairs
• Doubled Size of US

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Louisiana Purchase
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Lewis and Clark

• Left St. Louis in 1804 with 31 men
• Explored Louisiana Territory via the Missouri
  River
• Contact with Indian Nations
• Scientific knowledge greatly expanded
• Strengthened US claims to Oregon
• Maps and Geographic knowledge expanded

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John Marshall and the Supreme Court

• Federalist appointed judge
• 34 years on Supreme Court
• Most decisions strengthened federal government
• Marbury v. Madison (1803) - judicial review

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Marbury v. Madison

• Established principle of judicial review
• Judicial Review - Rights of the Courts to review
  laws based on their Constitutionality

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Jefferson re-elected in 1804

• 2nd term troubles
• Aaron Burr plot
• Opposition within Republican party (Quids)
• Napoleonic Wars in Europe

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Burr conspiracy(s) and Duel

• Burr and New England radical Federalists to
  secede in 1804 - failed
• Challenged A. Hamilton to duel - killed him in
  1804
• Westward conspiracy - take Mexico to unite with
  Louisiana under his rule
• Burr conspiracy trial - acquitted of treason by a
  jury

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Foreign problems

• Barbary pirates - US Navy fought 1801-1805 - to a
  draw
• British - challenged US Navy - impressment of US
  sailors into British navy
• Chesapeake-Leopard affair - British ship fired on
  US ship
• Embargo Act of 1807 - no US merchant ships into
  foreign ports

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Embargo Act Cartoon
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Embargo Act of 1807

• Intended to punish the British and French
• Backfired and devastated the US economy
• Repealed in 1809