British Standards

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British Standards

• What is the BSi
• Why was it formed?
• What is a standard?

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What is BSI?

• British Standards Institute, BSI was the first
  national Standards-making body in the world.
  Independent of government, BSI is a non-profit
  distributing organisation. It is globally
  recognised as an independent and impartial body
  serving both the private and public sectors,
  working with manufacturing and service
  industries, businesses and governments to
  facilitate the production of British, European
  and international Standards.

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Why was it formed?

• In 1901 the Institutions of Civil Engineers,
  Mechanical Engineers, Naval Architects and the
  Iron and Steel Institute created a committee, to
  standardize iron and steel sections for bridges,
  railways and shipping.
• The committee succeeded in cutting the production
  of different tram rails from 75 down to five.
  This saved the industry about 1 million a year!
• By 1929, the committee became the British
  Engineering Standards Association and was granted
  a Royal Charter, which defined the Association's
  objectives. A year later the Association became
  the British Standards Institution (BSI).

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Why was it formed?

• Today, more than 100 years after the British
  Engineering Standards Association first met, BSI
  has 2,274 employees world-wide and operates in
  over 110 countries. There are over 27,000 current
  British Standards.

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What is a standard?

• A Standard is a published specification that
  establishes a common language, and contains a
  technical specification or other precise criteria
  and is designed to be used consistently, as a
  rule, a guideline, or a definition.
• Standards are applied to many materials,
  products, methods and services. They help to make
  life simpler, and increase the reliability and
  the effectiveness of many goods and services we
  use.
• Standards are designed for voluntary use and do
  not impose any regulations. However, laws and
  regulations may refer to certain Standards making
  compliance with them compulsory.
• For example, the format of credit cards, Standard
  number BS EN ISO/IEC 78101996 defines their
  dimensions. Adhering to this Standard means that
  the cards can be used worldwide.

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Why do we have standards?

• There are currently over 20,000 British
  Standards. Standards affect our daily lives in
  many ways, making life easier, safer and
  healthier. Imagine if bulbs from different
  companies didn't fit the lamps that you bought,
  or that CDs didn't fit all CD players. Without
  Standards for people to follow, then all our
  products would behave slightly differently,
  making them hard to operate, to fix or to
  programme. Standards are created for many
  different products and services, including pet
  food, furniture, bikes, televisions, toys and
  even fabric colours.

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How can we show we have Standards?

• If a product passes all of the specified
  independent tests that make up a particular
  Standard, manufacturers can indicate this by
  displaying a certification mark on its surface.
  Products that have not undergone the
  standardization process are not allowed to do so.

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Logos used with standards
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What are the Kitemark and CE marking?

• When you see a product with a Kitemark this means
  BSI has independently tested it and has confirmed
  that the product conforms to the relevant British
  Standard, and has issued a BSI license to the
  company to use the Kitemark. The manufacturer
  pays for this service and their product is
  tested, and the manufacturing process is
  assessed, at regular intervals. The Kitemark is
  the symbol that gives consumers the assurance
  that the product they have bought really does
  conform to the appropriate British Standard and
  should therefore be safe and reliable.
  Manufacturers are not legally required to
  display a Kitemark on their products, but many
  everyday products and appliances such as fridges,
  electrical plugs and crash helmets have them.

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What is CE marking?

• Many products such as new toys must meet legal
  requirements before they can be sold within the
  European Community, and must carry CE marking. CE
  marking attached to a product is a manufacturer's
  claim that it meets all the requirements of the
  European legislation.
• Some products carry both a Kitemark and CE
  marking. This indicates that BSI has
  independently tested them against the appropriate
  standard.

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Toys
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Toys

• With the emergence of the single European Market
  an increasing number of British Standards have
  become harmonised with European Standards. This
  includes the British Standard for Toys which is
  known as BS EN 71 Safety of toys.
• This means that the Standard is both a British
  (BS) and European (EN) Standard.

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Toys

• Since 1990 the European Community Directive
  (community law) for Toy Safety has set out the
  'essential requirements' that toys must be
  manufactured in order to be legally sold within
  the European Community.
• In the UK this directive is met through Toys
  (Safety) Regulations 1995. Toy manufacturers
  usually achieve this by ensuring their products
  satisfy all the requirements of BS EN 71. This
  requirement does not apply to second hand toys.

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Toys

• All toys must meet these minimum requirements and
  carry CE marking. CE marking is designed to
  remove European trade barriers by showing that
  the product complies with the European Directive.
  It is not a European safety or quality mark.
• To help you understand what a Standard might
  cover here is BS EN 71 in the spotlight.

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BS EN 71 Safety of Toys

• BS EN 71 is made up of eleven parts. Briefly
  these are
• Part 1 Mechanical and physical propertiesThis
  means all the parts of a toy that can be touched.
  This part of the Standard tries to make sure that
  toys cannot stab, trap, mangle or choke.
• Part 2 FlammabilityThis part, for example,
  covers wendy houses, soft toys, fancy dress
  clothes and disguise masks. The Standard tries to
  ensure that if a product does catch fire you can
  drop it or get out of it before serious injury
  occurs. Certain flammable materials, that pose
  the greatest risk, are prohibited from all toys.

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BS EN 71 Safety of Toys

• Part 3 Migration of certain elements This
  basically means poisons. Limits are set for
  chemicals such as lead, cadmium and mercury which
  may be dangerous if swallowed or chewed by a
  child. For instance, you wouldn't want large
  quantities of lead in paint for toy cars that
  could be chewed by a baby.

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EN 71 Safety of Toys

• Part 4 Experimental sets for chemistry and
  related activities Its aim is to limit the
  dangers of using such sets by, for example,
  limiting the amount of certain chemicals used in
  sets.
• Part 5 Chemical toys (sets) other than
  experimental sets Includes 'toys' containing
  chemicals such as water based paints or
  photographic developing sets. This part of the
  Standard sets the requirements for the substances
  and materials used in them.

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EN 71 Safety of Toys

• Part 6 Graphical symbol for age warning
  labelling Covers age warning symbol labelling
  and specifies the requirements of the symbols
  used on toys not suitable for children under the
  age of three.
• Part 7 Finger paints Specifies requirements for
  colourants and preservatives, and is concerned
  with limiting the risks of ingesting paint and of
  prolonged skin contact with paint.

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EN 71 Safety of Toys

• Part 8 Swings, slides and similar activity toys
  for indoor and outdoor family domestic use This
  part is concerned with limiting the dangers of
  protruding parts, limiting heights and ensuring
  stability, and requires that no part of a child
  or a child's clothing can be trapped. It also
  specifies that the toy or its packaging is
  clearly labelled "for domestic use" and whether
  it's for indoor or outdoor use.

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EN 71 Safety of Toys

• Part 9 Organic chemical compounds (limits)Sets
  the limits for over 600 substances that might be
  present in toys that could cause harm to a child
  from chewing or sucking, from swallowing, from
  contact with skin or with eyes, or from
  inhalation.

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EN 71 Safety of Toys

• Part 10 Organic chemical compounds (preparation
  of samples)This part specifies how samples from
  toys and extracted toy materials can be prepared
  for testing to see if the compounds present, such
  as solvents and preservatives covered by in Part
  9, could cause harm to children.

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EN 71 Safety of Toys

• Part 11 Organic chemical compounds (testing)The
  third part of the series on chemical compounds
  sets out testing procedures so that the toys and
  toy materials prepared using Part 10 can be
  checked against the limits set in Part 9.

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How is a standard produced

• As with all good designing and manufacturing
  solutions, group work is involved. A Standard is
  produced when a team of experienced experts
  discuss, and then decide on, what would make a
  particular product safe, reliable and of a high
  quality. Different experts will be used depending
  on the particular product or service that needs
  to be standardized. These experts then create a
  list of rules, ideas and tests that need to be
  applied to that product. This is known as a draft
  Standard. The draft Standard is then released to
  all those who may design, make, sell or use that
  particular product.

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How is a standard produced

• After addressing any important comments on the
  draft Standards, further discussions are held.
  Once these are complete, the final Standard is
  published. These final processes are similar to
  the evaluation exercises or product analysis that
  you undertake in project work, where everyone is
  involved and puts in ideas and suggestions for
  improvements. The final Standard is identified
  with letters and numbers, almost like a code,
  which is much easier than including all of the
  lengthy descriptions. If a Standard is used in
  Britain it will contain BS, if used in Europe it
  will contain EN and if it is used across the
  world, it will contain ISO.

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How is a standard produced

• Standards are updated regularly to make sure they
  meet the needs of manufacturers, sellers and
  users, as these needs may change.

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Who pays for them?

• BSI charges companies to test their products,
  offers them advice and sells them documents and
  expertise. BSI acts to provide a service rather
  than a specific product that can be bought and
  sold. This money is then used to help produce new
  Standards and to update existing ones.

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References

• http//www.bsieducation.org/

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Self assessment

• What is the BSi?
• Why was it formed?
• What is a standard?
• Why do we have standards?
• What is a kitemark, can you draw one?

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Self assessment

• Why do we have a CE mark?
• What is BS EN 71 and what are the main elements
  of it?
• How is a standard produced?
• Who pays for standards?
• How is this money then put to use?