Literary Terms

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Literary Terms
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Genre
Genre is an important word in the English class.
We teach different genres of literature such as
poetry, short stories, myths, plays, non-fiction,
novels, mysteries, and so on. When we speak about
a kind of literature we are really speaking about
a genre of literature. So when someone asks you
what genre of literature you like, you might
answer, poetry, novels, comics, and so on.
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Character

• A character is a person or an animal that takes
  part in the action of a literary work.

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Antagonist

• The Antagonist is a character or force in
  conflict with a main character, or protagonist.

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Do you know your Antagonists???

• On your paper take a few minutes to write down
  some Antagonists that you can recall from movies,
  television shows, and video games
• Remember the Antagonist is in conflict with the
  Protagonist or, main character!
• Helpful hint you should now know why people use
  the saying Dont antagonize me!

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Protagonist

• The Protagonist is the main character in a
  literary work
• Can you name some famous Protagonists that are
  found in literature?

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CHARACTERIZATION

• Characterization is the process by which the
  writer reveals the personality of a character.
  Characterization is revealed through direct
  characterization and indirect characterization.

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DIRECT CHARACTERIZATION
Direct Characterization tells the audience what
the personality of the character is. Example
The patient boy and quiet girl were both well
mannered and did not disobey their mother.
Explanation The author is directly telling the
audience the personality of these two children.
The boy is patient and the girl is quiet.
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INDIRECT CHARACTERIZATION
Indirect Characterization shows things that
reveal the personality of a character. There are
five different methods of indirect
characterization
SPEECH What does the character say? How does the character speak?
THOUGHTS What is revealed through the characters private thoughts and feelings?
EFFECT ON OTHERS How do other characters feel or behave in reaction to the character?
ACTIONS What does the character do? How does the character behave?
LOOKS What does the character look like? How does the character dress?
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Plot

• Plot is the sequence of events. The first event
  causes the second, the second causes the third,
  and so forth.

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PLOT TRIANGLE
Climax
Rising Action
Falling Action
Resolution
Exposition
Conflict Introduced
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Exposition

• Introduction
• Introduces the characters,
• setting, and basic situation.

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Setting

• The setting of a literary work is the time and
  place of the action.
• The setting includes all the details of a place
  and time the year, the time of day, even the
  weather. The place may be a specific country,
  state, region, community, neighborhood, building,
  institution, or home.
• .

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Rising Action

• Events that lead to the climax of the story.

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Climax

• Point of greatest emotional intensity, interest,
  or suspense.
• Typically comes at the turning point in a story
  or drama.

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Falling Action

• Action that follows the climax and reveals its
  results.

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Resolution

• Part of the plot that concludes the falling
  action by revealing or suggesting the outcome of
  the conflict.

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POINT OF VIEW

• There are 3 ways of telling a story
• 1st person - "I" tells the story and is a
  character in the story this can be present tense
  or past tense.
• 2nd person - "You" is used to tell the story
  these tend to be like Choose Your Own Adventure
  stories or computer games and are usually in the
  present tense.
• 3rd person - "He, she, it, they" - the story is
  told by someone, usually not identified by name,
  who knows it. Usually in the past tense.

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Theme

• The theme of a literary work is its central
  message, concern, or purpose.
• A theme can usually be expressed as a
  generalization, or general statement, about
  people or life. The theme may be stated directly
  by the writer although it is more often presented
  indirectly. When the theme is stated indirectly,
  the reader must figure out the theme by looking
  carefully at what the work reveals about the
  people or about life.

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CINDERELLA
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CINDERELLA

• Setting long ago, the palace, the ball, a far
  away kingdom, the home of Cinderella's
  step-mother.
• Characterization
• Cinderella loving, kind, works hard, pretty,
  innocent, hero, cheerful, smart, happy.
• Step-mother step-sisters jealous, mean, ugly,
  self-absorbed, villain, lazy, nasty.

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CINDERELLA

• Theme Work hard and good things come. What goes
  around comes around.
• Plot
• Exposition
• As a child, Cinderella was happy. After her
  mother died, her father re-married a mean woman
  with two daughters. The step-mother gave her
  daughters everything and Cinderella nothing.

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• Rising Action
• A messenger delivers an invitation to the ball.
  The step-mother tells Cinderella she can go if
  she finishes her chores. The Fairy Godmother
  gives Cinderella a dress and coach. Cinderella
  arrives at the ball and dances with the Prince.
  On the way out she drops her shoe.
• Climax
• The Prince finds Cinderella and puts the glass
  slipper on her foot. It fits!
• Resolution
• Cinderella and the Prince get married.

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CINDERELLA

• Conflict
• Man vs. Man (Cinderella vs. step-mother and
  step-sisters).
• Man vs. Nature (Cinderella vs. the stroke of
  midnight).

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Conflict

• Conflict is the struggle between opposing forces
  in a story or play. There are two types of
  conflict that exist in literature.

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External Conflict

• External conflict exists when a character
  struggles against some outside force, such as
  another character, nature, society, or fate.
• Man vs. Society (The Monsters are Due on Maple
  Street)
• Man vs. Man (Cinderella vs. step-mother and
  step-sisters)
• Man vs. Nature (Cinderella vs. the stroke of
  midnight)

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Internal Conflict

• Internal conflict exists within the mind of a
  character who is torn between different courses
  of action.
• Man vs. Himself (A Christmas Carol)

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MOOD

• Mood, or atmosphere, is the feeling created in
  the reader by a literary work or passage.
• Writers use many devices to create mood,
  including images, dialogue, setting, and plot.
  Often, a writer creates a mood at the beginning
  of a work and then sustains the mood throughout.
  Sometimes, however, the mood of the work changes
  dramatically.

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Imagery

• Imagery is words or phrases that appeal to one or
  more of the five senses. Writers use imagery to
  describe how their subjects look, sound, feel,
  taste, and smell.

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Flashback

• A flashback is a literary device in which an
  earlier episode, conversation, or event is
  inserted into the sequence of events. Often
  flashbacks are presented as a memory of the
  narrator or of another character.

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• The movie Titanic is told almost entirely in a
  flashback.
• What are some other films that contain flashback
  to help tell stories?
• Holes
• Willy Wonka
• Think of some more

Flashback continued
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Foreshadowing

• Foreshadowing is the authors use of clues to
  hint at what might happen later in the story.
  Writers use foreshadowing to build their readers
  expectations and to create suspense. This is
  used to help readers prepare for what is to come.

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Foreshadowing in Literature

• Example
• Scrooge wished he could rid himself of the sick
  feeling in his gut that told him something
  terrible was going to happen.

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FIGURATIVE LANGUAGE
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Figures of Speech

• A figure of speech is a specific device or kind
  of figurative language, such as hyperbole,
  metaphor, personification, simile, or
  understatement.
• Figurative language is used to state ideas in
  vivid and imaginative ways.

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Simile

• A Simile is another figure of speech that
  compares seemingly unlike things. Similes use
  the words like or as.
• Examples Her voice was like nails on a
  chalkboard.
• The metal twisted like a
  ribbon.
• She is as sweet as candy.

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Important!

• Using like or as doesnt always make a
  simile.
• A comparison must be made.
• Not a Simile I like pizza.
• Simile The moon is like a pizza.

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Metaphor

• A Metaphor is a type of speech that compares or
  equates two or more things that have something in
  common. A metaphor does NOT use like or as.
• Examples Life is a bowl of cherries.
• All the world is a stage.
• Her heart is stone.

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Personification

• Personification is a figure of speech in which an
  animal, object, force of nature, or idea is given
  human qualities or characteristics.
• Examples Tears began to fall from the
• dark clouds.
• The sunlight danced.
• Water on the lake shivers.
• The streets are calling me.

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Alliteration

• Alliteration is the repetition of sounds, most
  often consonant sounds, at the beginning of
  words. Alliteration gives emphasis to words.
• Example Peter Piper picked a peck of pickled
  peppers

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Onomatopoeia

• A word that makes a sound
• SPLAT
• PING
• SLAM
• POP
• POW

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Juxtaposition

• Juxtaposition is a literary technique in which
  two or more ideas, places, characters and their
  actions are placed side by side in a narrative or
  a poem for the purpose of developing comparisons
  and contrasts

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What two images are juxtaposed here? What
is the same about these images? What is
different?Why did the artist want you to
compare these two images?
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Juxtaposition in A Long Walk to Water

• How did the author of A Long Walk to Water
  juxtapose Nya and Salva?

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Quiz

• On a separate sheet of paper
• I will put an example of figurative language on
  the board.
• You will write whether it is an simile, metaphor,
  personification, juxtaposition, or onomatopoeia.
• You can use your notes.

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1

• He drew a line as straight as an arrow.

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2

• Knowledge is a kingdom and all who learn are
  kings and queens.

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3

• The sun was beating down on me.

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4

• A flag wags like a fishhook there in the sky.

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5

• Ravenous and savagefrom its longpolar
  journey,the North Windis searchingfor food

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6.

• The clouds smiled down at me.

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7.

• SPLAT!

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8.

• She is as sweet as candy

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9.

• The wheat field was a sea of gold.

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10.

• The streets called to him.

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11.

• POP!

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12.

• She was dressed to the nines.

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13.

• Your face is killing me!

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14.

• She was as white as a ghost.

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15.
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Figurative Language YouTube!

• https//www.youtube.com/watch?vqPiVfdwAsUg