Infection Control Universal Precautions Immune/Lymphatic Systems

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Infection ControlUniversal PrecautionsImmune/Lym
phatic Systems
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Disease Transmission
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Disease Transmission

• Communicable Disease- contagious, spread from 1
  person to another.

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Disease Transmission

• Communicable Disease- contagious, spread from 1
  person to another.
• Blood borne transmission- contact through blood
  or other body fluidsHBV, HIV

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Disease Transmission

• Communicable Disease- contagious, spread from 1
  person to another.
• Blood borne transmission- contact through blood
  or other body fluidsHBV, HIV
• Airborne transmission- exposure to respiratory
  droplets (cough, sneeze, breath) colds, flu, TB

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Disease Transmission

• Communicable Disease- contagious, spread from 1
  person to another.
• Blood borne transmission- contact through blood
  or other body fluidsHBV, HIV
• Airborne transmission- exposure to respiratory
  droplets (cough, sneeze, breath) colds, flu, TB
• Food/Water borne (fecal/oral)- eat or drink
  contaminated substances- food poisoning, some
  hepatitis viruses

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Universal Precautions

• Treat all pts as if they are contaminated.

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Universal Precautions

• Treat all pts as if they are contaminated.
• Always protect yourself, the pt, and the
  surroundings.

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Chain of infection
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Pathogen
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Pathogen
Reservoir
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Pathogen
Reservoir
Exit Portal
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Pathogen
Reservoir
Exit Portal
Transport
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Pathogen
Reservoir
Entry Portal
Exit Portal
Transport
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Pathogen
Host
Reservoir
Exit Portal
Entry Portal
Transport
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Chain of Infection Example

• Pathogen- Flu

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Chain of Infection Example

• Pathogen- Flu
• Reservoir- tissues, nose juice etc

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Chain of Infection Example

• Pathogen- Flu
• Reservoir- tissues, nose juice etc
• Exit portal- nose

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Chain of Infection Example

• Pathogen- Flu
• Reservoir- tissues, nose juice etc
• Exit portal- nose
• Transport- sneeze, hands, saliva

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Chain of Infection Example

• Pathogen- Flu
• Reservoir- tissues, nose juice etc
• Exit portal- nose
• Transport- sneeze, hands, saliva
• Entry portal- mucous membranes

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Chain of Infection Example

• Pathogen- Flu
• Reservoir- tissues, nose juice etc
• Exit portal- nose
• Transport- sneeze, hands, saliva
• Entry portal- mucous membranes
• Host- you

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Common Portals of exit and entry

• Mucous Membranes-nose, mouth and eyes

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Common Portals of exit and entry

• Mucous Membranes-nose, mouth and eyes
• Digestive tract eat the critter

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Common Portals of exit and entry

• Mucous Membranes-nose, mouth and eyes
• Digestive tract- eat the critter
• Respiratory tract

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Common Portals of exit and entry

• Mucous Membranes-nose, mouth and eyes
• Digestive tract- eat the critter
• Respiratory tract
• Open wounds and skin lesions

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Common Portals of exit and entry

• Mucous Membranes-nose, mouth and eyes
• Digestive tract- eat the critter
• Respiratory tract
• Open wounds and skin lesions
• Hands

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In order to stop the infection you must

• Break the chain

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How to break the chain

• Pathogen-kill it
• Reservoir- clean it up
• Exit portal- nose--control the portal
• Transport-sneezestay way from
• Entry portal- mucous membrane-Wash hands
• Host- yoube healthy---sleep, eat right, exercise

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How to break the chain cont.

• Wash Hands

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How to break the chain cont.

• Wash Hands
• Protect you, the pt, and the surrounding

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How to break the chain cont.

• Wash Hands
• Protect you, the pt, and the surrounding
• Intact skin

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How to break the chain cont.

• Wash Hands
• Protect you, the pt, and the surrounding
• Intact skin
• Healthy and well rested

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How to break the chain cont.

• Wash Hands
• Protect you, the pt, and the surrounding
• Intact skin
• Healthy and well rested
• Cover wounds

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How to break the chain cont.

• Wash Hands
• Protect you, the pt, and the surrounding
• Intact skin
• Healthy and well rested
• Cover wounds
• Sterilize Instruments

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How to break the chain cont..PPEs Personal
Protection Equipment
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PPEs Personal Protection Equipment

• 1. Gloves

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PPEs Personal Protection Equipment

1. Gloves
2. Face shields/masks

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PPEs Personal Protection Equipment

1. Gloves
2. Face shields/masks
3. Eye protection

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PPEs Personal Protection Equipment

1. Gloves
2. Face shields/masks
3. Eye protection
4. Scrubs

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PPEs Personal Protection Equipment

1. Gloves
2. Face shields/masks
3. Eye protection
4. Scrubs
5. gowns

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Growth requirements for Microbes

• Heat

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Growth requirements for Microbes

• Heat
• Food

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Growth requirements for Microbes

• Heat
• Food
• Darkness

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Growth requirements for Microbes

• Heat
• Food
• Darkness
• Moisture

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Classification of Microbes

• Bacteria-strep throat

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virus

• FLU, HIV

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Fungus

• Athletes foot

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Yeast and Molds

• Thrush

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Parasites

• Tape worm, malaria

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Signs and Symptoms of an Infection

• Inflammation red, heat, swelling, pain

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Signs and Symptoms of an Infection

• Inflammationred, heat, swelling, pain
• Pus

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Signs and Symptoms of an Infection

• Inflammation-red, heat, swelling, pain
• Pus
• fever

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Signs and Symptoms of an Infection

• Inflammation-red, heat, swelling, pain
• Pus
• Fever
• Growths

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Signs and Symptoms of an Infection

• Inflammation-red, heat, swelling, pain
• Pus
• Fever
• Growths
• Body reaction- seizures, convulsion, organ shut
  down

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Immune/Lymphatic System

• Controls the bodys defense system and garbage
  (metabolic waste) system.

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Lymphatic System
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Lymphatic System

• Function

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Lymphatic System

• Function
• Absorb fat and fat soluble vitamins

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Lymphatic System

• Function
• Absorb fat and fat soluble vitamins (A,D,E,K),
  some vitamins dissolve in fat, other vitamins
  dissolve in water.

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Lymphatic System

• Function
• Absorb fat and fat soluble vitamins (A,D,E,K)
• Remove and filter cellular waste products and
  return fluid into the circulatory system.

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Lymphatic System

• Function
• Absorb fat and fat soluble vitamins (A,D,E,K)
• Remove and filter cellular waste products and
  return fluid into the circulatory system
• Assists the immune system.

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Lymphatic System

• Structures

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Lymphatic System

• Structures
• Lymph fluid

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Lymphatic System

• Structures
• Lymph fluid
• Lymph glandsneck, axillary and inguinal (groin
  area)filters

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Lymphatic System

• Structures
• Lymph fluid
• Lymph glandsneck, axillary and inguinal (groin
  area)filters
• Spleen- filter

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Lymphatic System

• Structures
• Lymph fluid
• Lymph glandsneck, axillary and inguinal (groin
  area)filters
• Spleen- filter
• Lymph vessels-carry the lymph fluid

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Immune System
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Immune System

• Functions

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Immune System

• Functions
• Protect the body from invading organisms
  (pathogens, microbes)

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Immune System

• Functions
• Protect the body from invading organisms
• Destroys organisms that have invaded.

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Immune System

• Functions
• Protect the body from invading organisms
• Destroys organisms that have invaded.
• Raise body temperature to kill microbes that are
  temperature sensitive.

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Immune System

• Structures

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Immune System

• Structures
• Uses all other body systems, organs and tissues.

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Immune System

• Structures
• Uses all other body systems, organs and tissues.
• Specialized cells that eat, puncture, or dissolve
  microbes on contact

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First lines of Defense
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First lines of Defense

• Intact Skin- not cuts, scrapes, sores etc

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First lines of Defense

• Intact Skin- not cuts, scrapes, sores etc
• Respiratory System- nose hair, mucous that traps
  microbes/critters and gunk that is breathed in.

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First lines of Defense

• Intact Skin- not cuts, scrapes, sores etc
• Respiratory System- nose hair, mucous that traps
  critters and gunk breathed in.
• Digestive system- digestive juices destroy
  microbes/critters that may have been eaten.

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First lines of Defense

• Intact Skin- not cuts, scrapes, sores etc
• Respiratory System- nose hair, mucous that traps
  critters and gunk breathed in.
• Digestive system- digestive juices destroy
  critters that may have been eaten.
• Lymphatic system

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Immune System Response Factors
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Immune System Response Factors

• Health- sleep, diet, exercise and stress.

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Immune System Response Factors

• Health- sleep, diet, exercise and stress.
• Age- The older we get, to about Age 60 the more
  immunity we have. Under the age of 5 and above 60
  y/o is when our immune system is the weakest.

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Immune System Response Factors

• Health- sleep, diet, exercise and stress.
• Age- The older we get, to about Age 60 the more
  immunity we have.
• Heredity- Genes and genetics can determine your
  immune system response.

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Immune System Response Factors

• Health- sleep, diet, exercise and stress.
• Age- The older we get, to about Age 60 the more
  immunity we have.
• Heredity- Genes and genetics can determine your
  immune system response.
• Opportunistic Infection- pathogen that would not
  usually infect, but if host is weak, it will
  infect.

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The Immune Reaction
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The Immune Reaction

• Antigen- any substance the body regards as
  foreign.

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The Immune Reaction

• Antigen- any substance the body regards as
  foreign.
• Antibody- a disease fighting protein

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The Immune Reaction

• Antigen- any substance the body regards as
  foreign.
• Antibody- a disease fighting protein
• Antibody Antigenimmune reaction

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The Immune Reaction

• Most of the time the immune reaction is specific.

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The Immune Reaction

• Most of the time the immune reaction is specific.

Antigen A
Antibody A
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The Immune Reaction

• Most of the time the immune reaction is specific.

Antigen B
Antibody A
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The Immune Reaction

• The body creates new antibodies for each new
  infection.

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The Immune Reaction

• The body creates new antibodies for each new
  infection.
• The body stores the new antibody information for
  future use.

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The Immune Reaction

• The body creates new antibodies for each new
  infection.
• The body stores the new antibody information for
  future use.
• In some cases this reaction does not work to
  well, as in the case of dangerous viruses---HIV,
  EBOLA, flesh eating bacteria, etc.

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Misc Immune System Info

• Antibiotics are for bacterial infections, they
  are not effective against viruses.

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Misc Immune System Info

• Antibiotics are not effective against viruses.
• HIV destroys the immune systems by killing the
  T-cells (immune cells) in the body-a major player
  in organizing the immune system attack. For this
  reason AIDS pts dies from common
  infectionscold/flu

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Misc Immune System Info

• Antibiotics are not effective against viruses.
• HIV destroys the immune systems by killing the
  bodies T-cells-a major player in organizing the
  bodies immune system attack.
• An Allergy is an over reaction of your immune
  system to a harmless antigen (allergenpollen,
  dust, foods). You can die from a simple
  overreactionanaphylaxiscomplete system shut
  down.