About OMICS Group

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About OMICS Group

• OMICS Group International is an
  amalgamation of Open Access publications and
  worldwide international science conferences and
  events. Established in the year 2007 with the
  sole aim of making the information on Sciences
  and technology Open Access, OMICS Group
  publishes 400 online open access scholarly
  journals in all aspects of Science, Engineering,
  Management and Technology journals. OMICS Group
  has been instrumental in taking the knowledge on
  Science technology to the doorsteps of ordinary
  men and women. Research Scholars, Students,
  Libraries, Educational Institutions, Research
  centers and the industry are main stakeholders
  that benefitted greatly from this knowledge
  dissemination. OMICS Group also organizes
  300 International conferences annually across the
  globe, where knowledge transfer takes place
  through debates, round table discussions, poster
  presentations, workshops, symposia and
  exhibitions.

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About OMICS Group Conferences

• OMICS Group International is a pioneer and
  leading science event organizer, which publishes
  around 400 open access journals and conducts over
  300 Medical, Clinical, Engineering, Life
  Sciences, Phrama scientific conferences all over
  the globe annually with the support of more than
  1000 scientific associations and 30,000 editorial
  board members and 3.5 million followers to its
  credit.
• OMICS Group has organized 500 conferences,
  workshops and national symposiums across the
  major cities including San Francisco, Las Vegas,
  San Antonio, Omaha, Orlando, Raleigh, Santa
  Clara, Chicago, Philadelphia, Baltimore, United
  Kingdom, Valencia, Dubai, Beijing, Hyderabad,
  Bengaluru and Mumbai.

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WORK OF A FORENSIC ANTHROPOLOGIST

• Dr. S.K. Dhattarwal,
• Medico Legal Advisor to Govt. of Haryana
• Sr. Prof. Head
• Department of Forensic Medicine
• PGIMS, Rohtak.

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Forensic Anthropology

• Forensic anthropology is a specialized branch of
  physical anthropology, which deals with the
  medico-legal investigation.
• This branch of science grew out of need for
  skeletal anatomic expertise in criminal
  investigations.

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DIFFERENCE FROM GENERAL ANTHROPOLOGIST

• The critical distinction between a forensic
  anthropologist and a general anthropologist is
  the formers focus on human identification.

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• Forensic anthropology is the study of human
  remains.
• Forensic anthropologists are educated in
  osteology, or the study of bones

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FOCUS OF AN ANTHROPOLOGIST

• The main focus of a forensic anthropologist is to
  assess crime scenes, skeletal remains, develop a
  biological profile, compile supportive
  documentation and testify in the provincial and
  federal courts.

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• Their knowledge of the human body contributes to
  the outcome of a death investigation by providing
  law enforcement agencies with expert opinions
  conclusions, which ultimately aid in solving any
  given case.

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Skeletal anatomy

• a. 206 bones
• b. Man 12 lbs woman 10 lbs

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Role of the Forensic Anthropologist

• Are they really bones?
• Are the remains human or animal?
• How many bodies?
• How long dead? -Recent or old
• Cause of death?
• Time since death?

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• What is the race of the individual?
• What is the sex of the individual?
• What is the age of the individual?
• What is the stature of the individual?
• What bony pathologies did the individual have?
• What traumas did the individual have?
• What individual traits did the individual have?

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• Identifying the remains

• Individuality may be determined
• from surgical procedures
• from broken bones

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• Determination of Age from Bones
• Ages 0-5 teeth are best forensic odontology
• Ages 6-25 epiphyseal fusion fusion of bone
  ends to bone shaft
• - epiphyseal fusion varies with sex and is
  typically complete by age 25
• Ages 25-40 very hard
• Ages 40 periodontal disease, arthritis,
  breakdown of pelvis, occupational stress, unique
  clues
• Age estimation is not an exact science age
  estimates are usually expressed in a range of
  years eg. this individual was 40-50 years of age
  at the time of his death

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Determination of Age from Bones
Occupational stress wears bones at joints
Skull at Different Ages
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Sex
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• Determination of Sex
• Pelvis best
• females have wider subpubic angle
• females have a wider sciatic notch
• females have a broad pelvic inlet

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• Determination of Sex
• Cranium second best
• Crests and ridges more pronounced in males (A, B,
  C)
• Chin significantly more square in males (E)
• Jaw (I, E), mastoid process wide and robust in
  males
• Forehead slopes more in males (F)

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Determination of Sex Other bones are not usually
as good an indicator regarding sex
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Race
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• Determination of Race
• The cranium is the only reliable bone and, even
  then, can only tell general category as below
• Mongoloid (all of Asian decent and Native
  American decent)
• wider cheekbones, concave incisors,
• width between eyes greatest
• Negro (everyone of African decent and West Indian
  decent)
• more prominent ridges, wider nasal opening
• Caucasian (all white individuals) narrow
  everything

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Estimating Height

• Measuring long bones like femur or humerus can
  help estimate height
• Databases established that use mathematical
  relationships
• Different tables for males, females, and races
• Example
• Recent Study done in our Department- Comparison
  of Body Height and Percutaneous Femur Length
  among North Indian Students.
•   For Male Height 147.85 0.5922x F
• For Female Height 143.760.3615x F
• F - Femur length

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• Determining Time of Death

Naked eye appearance is unreliable Tags of
soft tissue, periostium, ligaments etc. indicate
less than 5 years old. Soapy texture of surface
indicates age less than a few decades. Light,
crumbling bones are likely to be a century or
more old.
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• Determining Cause of Death

• Sharp force trauma (bone cut)
• Blunt force trauma (broken bone)
• Antemortem vs. postmortem breaks

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Perimortem Injuries
Injury occurred at or around the time of death
and may have even caused the death
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Strategy

• We apply knowledge of normal anthropology and
  variations in human skeleton, in our work to
  obtain reasonable and scientific conclusions in
  each and every case to answer each and every
  question that a forensic anthropologist can
  answer.

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On Going Research Projects

• In our Institution we are working on comparison
  of all the bones of body with height and study of
  sexual dimorphism between bones of different sex
  such as hyoid bone, 4th rib and patella to
  generate a database of anthropometric
  measurements and gender differences in our region
  of the world.

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• Thank you

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Let Us Meet Again

• We welcome you all to our future conferences of
  OMICS Group International
• Please Visitwww.omicsgroup.com
• www.conferenceseries.com