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Title:

????-Review

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Title: Author: cml Last modified by: Robert Created Date: 5/25/2002 4:14:33 PM Document presentation format: – PowerPoint PPT presentation

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Title: ????-Review


1
??????
??????? ???
2
??? ??????
  • ????????
  • ?????????
  • ?????????
  • ???????
  • ????????????
  • ??????????(??)

3
????-Review
  • ??? Ecology ?
  • ???? - ???? Natural Environment
  • ????
  • ???? Ecological impact
  • ???????????????????

?????Ecological problems?
4
??????
  • ????????
  • ???????(???????)
  • ????????????
  • ??????????????
  • ????????????
  • ?????????????
  • ???????????????
  • ???????????????????
  • ?????(???????)
  • ???????????????????

5
????????
  • ?????
  • ??????????-????????????????????????????????????
    ????????????,???????????????????
  • ??Walter E. Westman?????
  • ??????????????,??
  • ?????????????????
  • ?????????,???????
  • ????????????,???????

6
???????
  • ?????????????????????????????????????,????????????
    ?????????????????????,????????????????????????????
    ?

7
???????
????
???
????
???
????
????
????
???
????
??-Solar
??? ??
????????Air, water, soil etc.
?????
??????????
8
?????????
  • ?????Cell-individual-population-community-ecosyst
    em-biosphere
  • ??population????????????
  • ??community???????????????(????, ????, ?????)
  • ??? dominant species
  • ??? biomass
  • ??? heterogeneity
  • ????ecological succession
  • ????? biodiversity
  • ???? ecological factors p242

9
?????????(2)
  • ????? vegetation coverage
  • ??? carrying capacity
  • ??? sensitive area
  • ????ecological mapping
  • ??????????????????

10
  • ?????
  • ?????????????????????????????????????????????????
    ????????????????????????????????????????

11
  • ?????????????????????????????????????????????????
    ????????????????????????????
  • ??????????????????????????????????,??????????????
    ????????

12
?????????
  • ??????????????????(Tibet railway)???????????????(
    hare)?????????
  • ????????????(timber, fishery)
  • ???????????(Pulp wood)
  • ?????? ????????????????????????????
  • ??????????,???????????????,????,????????????

p243
13
????
????
14
?????????
  • ??????????????????
  • (p245-246, self read)
  • ?????????????????
  • ?P247??????? (Fig.9-1)
  • ????????,???????,?????????,?????????

15
???????????
  • ????
  • ??????????(????????????????)
  • ????????????????
  • ???????
  • ???????
  • ???????????????
  • ??????
  • ??????
  • ??????????

16
  • ????
  • (1)??????????????
  • (2)????
  • (3)?????????
  • (4)????????,????????????????????????????,?????????
    ??????????,???????????????????????????????????(???
    ?????)????????????????????????
  • (5)????????
  • (6)?????????????????

17
  • ?????????
  • ??????????????????????,??????????????1?2?3
    ???13???????????????????

18
  • ?????????
  • ????
  • (1)???????????????????????????????????????????????
    ???????????????????
  • (2)???????????????????,1?2?3??????????,????????83
    0km,28km?l2km?(?????????)
  • ????
  • (1)??????(???????)???????????????,???????????
  • (2)????????????????????,????????????(????????????
    ?)?

19
  • ????????
  • ?????????????
  • ??????????????????????????????????????
  • ????????
  • ????
  • ????????????
  • ?????????????
  • ??????????????
  • ?????????
  • ?????????????

20
  • ??????
  • ??????????????????????
  • ?????????????????????
  • ??????????
  • (1)????????????????????????
  • (2)???????????????????,???????,??????????????????
  • See P250 Fig 9-2

21
  • ?????? P251
  • ???????????????
  • ????
  • (1)??????
  • A. ?????????????????????????????????????????
    ?????????????????????????????????????????????
  • B. ???????????????????????????????
  • C. ?????????????????
  • D. ?????????????????????????

22
  • (2)??????(Skip)
  • A. ????????
  • B. ???????????
  • C. ??????
  • D. ???????????????
  • (3)????
  • ?????????????????????????????????????,???????
    ?,?????????????????????????????

23
  • ??????
  • ????
  • (1)???????????????????????????
  • (2)2???????????(????????????????????????????)?????
    ?
  • 3???????
  • ?????????????
  • (3)????????
  • ???????????
  • ?????????????

24
  • ??????
  • ????????????
  • (1)?????????(a)????(b)??????(c)????????(d)????
    ????(e)??????????????
  • (2)???????????????????????????????????
  • (3)1???????????,?????????????????,????????

25
  • ??????
  • ?????????
  • (1)????????????????????,??????????????????3S(GIS,
    GPS, RS)?????????????
  • (2)????????(a) ?????????????????????????????
    (b) 3??????????????????????????(c)
    2?????????????,?????,??????????????????????????,??
    ??????????????????????? (e) 1???????????????????,
    ?????????????????????????
  • (3)??????????1??????????????,??????????????????2
    ?3?????????????,??? 3?5????????

26
  • ??????(Skip)
  • ????
  • (1)?????????????????
  • (2)?????????????????????????????
  • (3)??????????????????????????????????????????????
    ????????????????????????????????????????
  • ???????????????

27
????????????
  • ????????????1m2?????10m2?????100m2??
  • ???????????
  • ??????/????????
  • ??????/?????????
  • ????????/????????
  • ????????????????
  • ???????????????????

28
?????????
  • ????????????
  • (1)??????????????????(Soil erosion)
  • (2)????????????,?????(USLE ARKLSCP)
  • (3)??????,???????????????????? (p172)
  • (4)??????????????????????(??)?

29
  • ?????????
  • ??????
  • ???????????????,?????????????????????????????
    )?????????
  • (1)????????????(????)
  • (2)????????????(????-mining)
  • (3)??????????????????(??)
  • (4)???????????????????????
  • (5)?????????

30
  • ??????????????
  • ?????????(Skip)
  • (1)?????????????????????????????,??????????????
  • (2)?????????????????????,????????????
  • (3)????????????????????????????
  • (4)???????????,????????????????,????????
  • (5)???????????

31
  • ??????????????
  • ?????????(??)
  • (1)??????????????,??????????????(??????)
  • (2)????????????????????????????????
  • (3)??????????,??????????????????????(?????)
  • (4)????????????????????????????????(??????)
  • ???????????????(?)??????,????????????????????????
    ????????????END

32
  • ??????
  • ???????????????????????????????????,???????
    ????????
  • ??????
  • (1)???????????????????????????????,???????????????
    ???????(e.g. Oil field, Mining, Hydraulic power,
    Highway)
  • (2)??????????????????,??????????????????????????
    ???????,?????????????????????????????????????

33
  • ?????????
  • ?????(Mention)
  • ?????
  • ???
  • ??????????
  • ?????
  • ???????????????????????????????????????????
    ??

34
  • ????????? (1)
  • ?????????
  • ????????????????, ?????? n
    ???????(X1,X2,,Xn),????????????????????????????,?
    ?????(X10,X20,,Xn0),??????????????,??????????????
    ??(X1 /X10,X2 /X20,,Xn /Xn0 )?
  • ?????????b1,b2,,bn????????(b1,b2,,bn
    ),???????????????(b1X1 /X10,b2X2 /X20,,bn Xn
    /Xn0 )(m 1 ,m 2,,m 3),??????????
  • P W,N ???,???????

35
  • ?????????(2)
  • ?????????(P260)
  • ???????(Shannon-Wiener??)
  • ???
  • ???

36
  • ?????????
  • ??????
  • ????????????????????????????,????????????????????
    ???????????,???

???????????????????
Pa ??,?????????
37
  • ??????
  • ??????????????????????????
  • ???????,???????????????
  • P b ??,???????
  • ???????(??)??????,??????
  • ???????,?????????????

Ps ??,???????
38
????????????
  • ????????
  • ??????
  • ??????
  • ??????
  • ??????
  • ??????

39
????????????
  • ??????????
  • ??????
  • (0.5?????0.3?????0.15?????0.05 ???)/????
  • ??????
  • (0.5?????0.3?????0.2?????)/????

40
????????????
  • ??????????/????????/????????/????
  • ??????(0.05???????0.25 ???????0.7???????)/????
  • ??????(0.4?SO2???0.2??????0.4?COD???) /?????

41
????????
  • ????????(Ecological Quality Index, EQI)
  • 0.3???????0.25???????0.2???????0.15?(1-??????)
    0.1?(1-??????)

42
????????
?? ? ? ?? ?? ?
?? gt75 55-75 35-55 20-35 lt20
?? ??????,??????,??????,??????? ???????,???????,?????? ???????????,?????????,???????,????????????????? ???????,??????,????,???????????? ?????,????????????????????????????
43
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44
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45
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46
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47
???????????
  • ???????????????(Self study)
  • ???????????????
  • ??????????????
  • ??????????
  • ??????????
  • ?????????-????
  • ????????(HES)???????(HEP)???????
  • ?????????

48
  • ???????????????
  • ??????????
  • ????
  • ??????,??????,????????
  • ????
  • (1)????
  • (2)???
  • A ???????
  • B ?????
  • ???????
  • ??????????
  • ?????????????????????

49
  • ??????
  • ??????(HES)
  • ????????????????????
  • ??????????????????????
  • ????????
  • ?????/???????????
  • ???????????????????
  • ???????????

50
  • ??????
  • ??????(HEP)
  • ????????????????????
  • ??????(H U )
  • HU(HSI)(????)
  • ????
  • ?????????(???)- ??????(???)
  • ????(??)???

51
Q5 ??????????????????????????(???)??????(???)
52
???? ??????????????????????????????????,????????
????????????? ? ???????????????? ?
??????????????????????????????????????????? ?
?????????????,??????????,?????????,?????,?????????
???????????
53
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