What is Matter?

1
What is Matter?

• Anything that has mass and takes up space
• Smallest unit of matter is the atom
• Described by physical properties and chemical
  properties

2
What are Mixtures?

• A mixture is two or more substances that are
  PHYSICALLY combined
• Can be separated by PHYSICAL means
• Two types of mixtures
• Homogeneous mixtures
• Heterogeneous mixtures

3
Homogeneous Mixtures

• Uniform composition throughout the mixtures (they
  are the SAME all the way through!)
• AKA solution
• Examples air, tap water, tea, kool-aid, pen ink
• Separation techniques distillation,
  crystallization, chromatography

4
Heterogeneous Mixtures

• Non-uniform composition throughout
• Can see distinct phases in the mixture
• Examples chicken-noodle soup, concrete,
  granite, oatmeal cookies
• Separation technique filtration, magnetism, or
  dissection (cut apart)

5
Pure Substances

• Have definite composition
• Separated only by CHEMICAL means
• Two types
• Elements
• Compounds
• This means it will have a chemical formula!

6
Its Elemental!

• Elements are found on the periodic table.
• They cannot be broken down into anything of
  simpler properties.
• (Cant get smaller without acting different).
• Smallest unit of an element is an atom
• Examples Carbon, Silver, Xenon

7
Compounds

• Combination of 2 or more elements
• Represents elements bonded together to create a
  more stable situation
• Smallest units of a compound are formula units
  and molecules
• Separation technique chemical reaction
• Examples NaCl, CuSO4, C6H12O6

8
Chemical Properties

• A chemical property describes the substance in
  ways that are observed during chemical reactions.
• Examples flammability, reactivity to acids,
  ability to replace other metals
• Common instruments matches, Bunsen burner,
  other chemicals, pipettes

9
Physical Properties

• Physics properties describe the substance in ways
  that are easily observed without a chemical
  reaction
• Examples color, length, mass, density,
  temperature, hardness, state of matter
• Common instruments eyes, rulers, balances,
  graduated cylinders, thermometers

10
Physical Changes in Matter

• A physical change is a change in matter that
  results in a difference in appearance but NOT a
  change in chemical composition.
• Example Wadding up aluminum foil
• Others Bending, breaking, tearing, spilling,
  crushing

11
Chemical Changes in Matter

• A chemical change is a process in which one or
  more substances changes into a new substance.
• Example Burning paper
• Others Reacting, Oxidizing, Rusting, Fermenting

12
The Law of Conservation of Matter

• Matter always remains in the galaxy in some form
  or shape, no matter how it behaves!
• The law of conservation of matter says that
  matter cannot be created or destroyed it only
  changes form.

13
The Law of Multiple Proportions

• The law of multiple proportions says that
  elements can form compounds in multiple,
  whole-number ratios.
• Example Carbon dioxide that we breathe out is
  CO2 one carbon with two oxygens.
• Carbon monoxide is a toxic gas put out by
  cars, manufacturing and other mechanical devices.
  It is CO one carbon with one oxygen.

14

• For example When the piece of paper burned,
  smoke and other gases rose from the paper. These
  contained all of the atoms that had previously
  been in the paper, just in a gas instead of a
  solid.