Driving question: How do cows grow?

1
Driving question How do cows grow?

1. What does a cow need in order to grow?
2. How does a cow use these things in order to grow?

2
Inputs and outputs in cows body
Can you determine what happens inside cows body
and how does cow grow and move?
3
Matter entering and leaving animals
Materials in grass (materials entering cow)
Materials in cow
minerals
Protein
minerals
H2O
Fat
Materials leaving cow by breathing, urination and
perspiration
Cows feces
4
Food (large organic molecules)
Flow chart of tracing food inside the body
Digestive system
Digestion
Circulatory system
Small organic molecules
All body tissues
Biosynthesis
Animal biomass (large organic molecules)
Cellular Respiration
Cells
Circulatory system, lungs
For animal growth
H2O CO2
For animal movement
5
Comparing food molecules
GLUCOSE
STARCH
LIPIDS
FIBER/CELLULOSE
PROTEIN
6
Materials needed for the paperclip modeling
activity
60 paperclips to make bonds between monomers
Fat monomers
Protein monomers
Carbohydrate monomer
glycerol
amino acid
glucose
fatty acids
amino acid
fatty acids
amino acid
7
Build Food Molecules

• Step 1 Build a STARCH molecule by linking
  together 6 glucose monomers.
• Step 2 Build a FAT molecule by linking 3 fatty
  acid monomers to 1 glycerol molecule.
• Step 3 Build PROTEIN molecules by linking 5
  amino acid monomers. There are different unique
  amino acids (3 types of cards) and when combined
  in different ways you get different protein
  molecules.
• Step 4 One type of carbohydrate is cellulose,
  also called fiber. Build a FIBER molecule by
  making 2 chains of 6 glucose molecules, placing
  them side-by-side and linking them together with
  more paperclips.

8
Food Polymers
Starch
Cellulose
Fat
Protein
9
Food molecules are in the grass
Place large food molecules here in grass
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Digest Food Molecules

• Step 1 Digest a STARCH molecule by breaking the
  starch molecule into individual glucose
  molecules.
• Step 2 Digest a FAT molecule by separating the
  three fatty acids from the glycerol molecule.
• Step 3 Digest PROTEIN molecules by breaking the
  protein into individual amino acids.
• Step 4 People cannot digest FIBER (cellulose)
  molecules, but cattle can digest some fiber.
  Digest cellulose molecules by breaking the chain
  of glucose molecules into individual glucose
  molecules

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Digestion occurs in stomach and small intestines
Break apart large food molecules into small
molecules here in intestines
12
Small molecules move from intestines to arteries,
and the heart pumps blood and small molecules to
all parts of the body.
Small molecules move through circulatory system
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Digested Monomers
glucose
fatty acid
glycerol
amino acid
14
Build Cow Muscles
What is in BEEF?

• Step 1 Build a FAT molecule by linking 3 fatty
  acid monomers to 1 glycerol molecule.
• Step 2 Build PROTEIN molecules by linking 5
  amino acid monomers.
• There different unique amino acids (3 types of
  cards) and when combined in different ways you
  get different protein molecules.
• Step 3 What do you think happens to the
  molecules of food that arent used in
  biosynthesis?

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Muscle Polymers
Protein
Fat
16
Put waste molecules outside of the cow
(carbohydrates in feces and urine)
Put waste molecules in lung (carbon dioxide) and
then
Build large molecules in muscle here
put carbon dioxide from the breath now outside
the cow
17
Identify where chemical energy is located (atomic
molecular scale)

• Which molecules have chemical energy?

Cow muscle polymer molecules
Cow waste molecules (feces)
Digested monomers in cow body
Food molecules
Example CARBOHYDRATES
Example PROTEIN
Example FAT
Example AMINO ACID
18
Identify where chemical energy is located
(macroscopic scale)
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The End
20
Optional Digestion Slides
21
Matter movement for digestion at macroscopic scale
22
Matter movement for biosynthesis at macroscopic
scale
23
Optional Process Tool Slidesdigestion
24
Analyze digestion at macroscopic scale
Large scale
scales
scales
Macroscopic
Microscopic
Atomic molecular
Tracing
Matter
Process
Matter Movement
Carbohydrates
Material identity
Analyzing
Digestion
Biosynthesis
All
Protein
Energy
Cellular respiration
Fat
Energy transformation
Blank
25
Matter movement for digestion at macroscopic scale
All
26
Matter transformation for digestion at
macroscopic scale
Large scale
Small Organic molecules
grass
scales
scales
Macroscopic
Microscopic
feces
Atomic molecular
Object
Matter
Process
Matter Movement
Carbohydrates
Material identity
Analyzing
Digestion
Biosynthesis
All
All
Protein
Energy
Cellular respiration
Fat
Energy transformation
Blank
27
Energy transformation for digestion at
macroscopic scale
Large scale
Heat
Chemical energy
Chemical energy
scales
scales
Macroscopic
Microscopic
Atomic molecular
Object
Matter
Process
Matter Movement
Carbohydrates
Material identity
Analyzing
Digestion
Biosynthesis
All
All
Protein
Energy
Cellular respiration
Fat
Energy transformation
Blank
28
Digestion at macroscopic scale
Heat
Large scale
Chemical energy
Chemical energy
Small Organic molecules
grass
scales
scales
Macroscopic
Chemical energy
Microscopic
feces
Atomic molecular
Object
Matter
Process
Matter Movement
Carbohydrates
Material identity
Analyzing
Digestion
Biosynthesis
All
All
Protein
Energy
Cellular respiration
Fat
Energy transformation
Blank
29
What happens for digestion at microscopic scale ?
30
Matter movement for digestion at microscopic scale
Large scale
Macroscopic
scales
scales
Microscopic
Atomic molecular
Object
Matter
Process
Matter Movement
Carbohydrates
Material identity
Analyzing
Digestion
Biosynthesis
All
All
Protein
Energy
Cellular respiration
Fat
Energy transformation
Blank
31
Analyze digestion at microscopic scale
Large scale
Macroscopic
scales
scales
Microscopic
Atomic molecular
Object
Matter
Process
Matter Movement
Carbohydrates
Material identity
Analyzing
Digestion
Biosynthesis
All
All
Protein
Energy
Cellular respiration
Fat
Energy transformation
Blank
32
Matter transformation for digestion at
microscopic scale
Large scale
Macroscopic
scales
scales
Microscopic
Atomic molecular
Object
Matter
Process
Matter Movement
Carbohydrates
Material identity
Analyzing
Digestion
Biosynthesis
All
All
Protein
Energy
Cellular respiration
Fat
Energy transformation
Blank
33
Energy transformation for digestion at
microscopic scale
Large scale
Heat
Macroscopic
Chemical energy
scales
scales
Chemical energy
Microscopic
Atomic molecular
Object
Matter
Process
Matter Movement
Carbohydrates
Material identity
Analyzing
Digestion
Biosynthesis
All
All
Protein
Energy
Cellular respiration
Fat
Energy transformation
Blank
34
Digestion at microscopic scale
Chemical energy
Heat
Large scale
Chemical energy
Macroscopic
scales
scales
Microscopic
Atomic molecular
Object
Matter
Process
Matter Movement
Carbohydrates
Material identity
Analyzing
Digestion
Biosynthesis
All
All
Protein
Energy
Cellular respiration
Fat
Energy transformation
Blank
35
What happens during digestion at an
atomic-molecular scale ?
36
Analyze digestion by filters at atomic-molecular
scale
Large scale
Macroscopic
Microscopic
scales
scales
Atomic molecular
Object
Matter
Process
Matter Movement
Carbohydrates
Material identity
Analyzing
Digestion
Biosynthesis
All
Protein
Energy
Cellular respiration
Fat
Energy transformation
Blank
37
Matter transformation for digestion at an
atomic-molecular scale
Large scale
Macroscopic
Starch cellulose
Sugar
Microscopic
scales
scales
Protein
amino acids
Atomic molecular
Object
Matter
Process
Matter Movement
Carbohydrates
Material identity
Analyzing
Digestion
Biosynthesis
All
Protein
Energy
Cellular respiration
Fat
Energy transformation
Blank
38
Analyze digestion by filters at an
atomic-molecular scale
Large scale
Macroscopic
Microscopic
scales
scales
Click to see animation
Atomic molecular
Object
Matter
Process
Matter Movement
Carbohydrates
Material identity
Analyzing
Digestion
Biosynthesis
All
Protein
Energy
Cellular respiration
Fat
Energy transformation
Blank
39
Energy transformation for digestion at an
atomic-molecular scale
Large scale
Heat
Macroscopic
Chemical energy
Microscopic
scales
scales
Chemical energy
Atomic molecular
Object
Matter
Process
Matter Movement
Carbohydrates
Material identity
Analyzing
Digestion
Biosynthesis
All
Protein
Energy
Cellular respiration
Fat
Energy transformation
Blank
40
Digestion at an atomic-molecular scale
Heat
Chemical energy
Chemical energy
Large scale
Macroscopic
Starch cellulose
Sugar
Microscopic
scales
scales
Protein
amino acids
Atomic molecular
Object
Matter
Process
Matter Movement
Carbohydrates
Material identity
Analyzing
Digestion
Biosynthesis
All
Protein
Energy
Cellular respiration
Fat
Energy transformation
Blank
41
Biosynthesis part
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Optional Process Tool Slidesbiosynthesis
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What happens during biosynthesis at an
atomic-molecular scale in a cow?
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Matter movement for biosynthesis at macroscopic
scale
Large scale
Macroscopic
Microscopic
Atomic molecular
Object
Matter
Process
Matter Movement
Carbohydrates
Material identity
Analyzing
Digestion
Biosynthesis
All
Protein
Energy
Cellular respiration
Fat
Energy transformation
Blank
45
Analyze biosynthesis by filters at macroscopic
scale
Large scale
scales
scales
Macroscopic
Microscopic
Atomic molecular
Object
Matter
Process
Matter Movement
Carbohydrates
Material identity
Analyzing
Digestion
Biosynthesis
All
Protein
Energy
Cellular respiration
Fat
Energy transformation
Blank
46
Matter transformation for biosynthesis at
macroscopic scale
Large scale
Large organic molecules
Small organic molecules
Macroscopic
Water
Microscopic
Atomic molecular
Object
Matter
Process
Matter Movement
Carbohydrates
Material identity
Analyzing
Digestion
Biosynthesis
All
Protein
Energy
Cellular respiration
Fat
Energy transformation
Blank
47
Energy transformation for biosynthesis at
macroscopic scale
Large scale
Heat
Chemical energy
Chemical energy
Macroscopic
Microscopic
Atomic molecular
Object
Matter
Process
Matter Movement
Carbohydrates
Material identity
Analyzing
Digestion
Biosynthesis
All
Protein
Energy
Cellular respiration
Fat
Energy transformation
Blank
48
Biosynthesis at macroscopic scale
Heat
Large scale
Chemical energy
Chemical energy
Small organic molecules
Large organic molecules
Macroscopic
Microscopic
Water
Atomic molecular
Object
Matter
Process
Matter Movement
Carbohydrates
Material identity
Analyzing
Digestion
Biosynthesis
All
Protein
Energy
Cellular respiration
Fat
Energy transformation
Blank
49
What happens during biosynthesis on a microscopic
scale ?
Mitochondria
50
How matter moves at a microscopic scale during
biosynthesis
Large scale
Macroscopic
Microscopic
Atomic molecular
Object
Matter
Process
Matter Movement
Carbohydrates
Material identity
Analyzing
Digestion
Biosynthesis
All
Protein
Energy
Cellular respiration
Fat
Energy transformation
Blank
51
Analyze biosynthesis at microscopic scale
Large scale
Macroscopic
scales
scales
Microscopic
Atomic molecular
Object
Matter
Process
Matter Movement
Carbohydrates
Material identity
Analyzing
Digestion
Biosynthesis
All
Protein
Energy
Cellular respiration
Fat
Energy transformation
Blank
52
Matter transformation of biosynthesis at
microscopic scale
Large scale
Macroscopic
Microscopic
Atomic molecular
Object
Matter
Process
Matter Movement
Carbohydrates
Material identity
Analyzing
Digestion
Biosynthesis
All
Protein
Energy
Cellular respiration
Fat
Energy transformation
Blank
53
Energy transformation of biosynthesis at
microscopic scale
Large scale
Heat
Chemical energy
Macroscopic
Chemical energy
Microscopic
Atomic molecular
Object
Matter
Process
Matter Movement
Carbohydrates
Material identity
Analyzing
Digestion
Biosynthesis
All
Protein
Energy
Cellular respiration
Fat
Energy transformation
Blank
54
Biosynthesis at microscopic scale
Heat
Chemical energy
Large scale
Chemical energy
Macroscopic
Microscopic
Atomic molecular
Object
Matter
Process
Matter Movement
Carbohydrates
Material identity
Analyzing
Digestion
Biosynthesis
All
Protein
Energy
Cellular respiration
Fat
Energy transformation
Blank
55
What happens during biosynthesis at
atomic-molecular scale ?
56
Analyze biosynthesis at atomic-molecular scale
Large scale
Macroscopic
Microscopic
scales
scales
Atomic molecular
Object
Matter
Process
Matter Movement
Carbohydrates
Material identity
Analyzing
Digestion
Biosynthesis
All
Protein
Energy
Cellular respiration
Fat
Energy transformation
Blank
57
Matter movement during protein synthesis at an
atomic-molecular scale
Large scale
Macroscopic
Microscopic
scales
scales
Click to see animation
Atomic molecular
Object
Matter
Process
Matter Movement
Carbohydrates
Material identity
Analyzing
Digestion
Biosynthesis
All
Protein
Energy
Cellular respiration
Fat
Energy transformation
Blank
58
Matter transformation during biosynthesis at an
atomic-molecular scale
Large scale
Macroscopic
Sugar
Microscopic
scales
scales
Protein
amino acids
Atomic molecular
Object
Matter
Process
Matter Movement
Carbohydrates
Material identity
Analyzing
Digestion
Biosynthesis
All
Protein
Energy
Cellular respiration
Fat
Energy transformation
Blank
59
Energy transformation for biosynthesis at
atomic-molecular scale
Large scale
Heat
Macroscopic
Chemical energy
Microscopic
scales
scales
Chemical energy
Atomic molecular
Object
Matter
Process
Matter Movement
Carbohydrates
Material identity
Analyzing
Digestion
Biosynthesis
All
Protein
Energy
Cellular respiration
Fat
Energy transformation
Blank
60
Biosynthesis at an atomic-molecular scale
Heat
Chemical energy
Large scale
Chemical energy
Macroscopic
Sugar
Microscopic
scales
scales
Protein
amino acids
Atomic molecular
Object
Matter
Process
Matter Movement
Carbohydrates
Material identity
Analyzing
Digestion
Biosynthesis
All
Protein
Energy
Cellular respiration
Fat
Energy transformation
Blank