Intelligence and Mental Abilities

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Intelligence and Mental Abilities
You have to do the best with what God gave you. 
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What is Intelligence?
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What is Intelligence?

• It is a concept and not a thing.
• It is socially constructed from cultures.
• Defined
• mental quality consisting of the ability to learn
  from experience, solve problems, and use
  knowledge to adapt to new situations.

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What is your intelligence?
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Charles Spearman

• Believed we have ONE general (g) intelligence.
• Developed a factor analysis.
• statistical procedure that identifies clusters of
  related items on a test.
• Those who score high in one area will typically
  score high in other areas (i.e. verbal
  intelligence, spatial or reasoning).

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L.L. Thurstone

• Opposed Spearman.
• Identified Seven Clusters
• Word fluency
• verbal comprehension
• spatial ability
• perceptual speed
• numerical ability
• inductive reasoning
• memory
• Challenged by other researchers because research
  was inclusive.

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Theories of Multiple Intelligence

• Howard Gardner
• Robert Sternberg

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Howard Gardner

• Intelligence comes in packages.
• Studied people with diminished or exceptional
  abilities.
• Savant syndrome
• Eight intelligences

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Success

• Talent
• Grit

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Robert Sternberg

• Agrees there are multiple intelligences.
• Three
• Analytical (academic-problem solving)
  intelligence.
• Assessed by IQ testing
• Creative intelligence
• Reacting to situations.
• Practical intelligence
• Everyday tasks

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Another type of intelligence

• Emotional
• Related to Gardners concepts of interpersonal
  and intrapersonal.
• Four major aspects
• The ability to perceive and express emotions
  accurately and appropriately.
• The ability to use emotions while thinking.
• The ability to understand emotions and use the
  knowledge effectively.
• The ability to regulate ones emotions to promote
  personal growth.

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How Do We Assess Intelligence?
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The Republic

• ...no two persons are born exactly alike but
  each differs from the other in natural
  endowments, one being suited for one occupation
  and the other for another.

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The Modern Intelligence-Testing Movement
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The Creators

• Alfred Binet
• 1904, Paris.
• Partner Théodore Simon
• School determination.
• Based on age (mental age).
• Purpose ID children who needed attention.
• Feared that it would be used to label children.

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Stanford-Binet

• Lewis Terman
• 1916, Stanford.
• Increased to teenangers/adults.
• Based on IQ.

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IQ Test

• William Stern
• Derived the formula.
• Used by Terman.
• Average IQ 100
• Mental Age

IQ
x 100
Chronological Age
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Today

• Tests represent the test-takers performance
  relative to the average performance of others the
  same age.

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Discrimination
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Modern Testing of Mental Abilities

• Achievement Test
• Intended to reflect what youve learned
• Example AHSGE, AP Exams
• Aptitude Test
• Intended to predict your ability to learn new
  skills.
• Example ACT, SAT, GRE

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Most Popular IQ Test

• Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale
• 11 subtests broken into verbal and performance
  areas.
• Separate scores.
• Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children

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Principles of Test Construction

• Must meet three criteria
• Standardized
• taken overtime to develop a comparison that
  becomes meaningful.
• Reliable
• yielding dependable testing scores.
• retesting.
• Valid
• the extent to which the test measures or predicts
  what it promises.
• content validity
• predictive validity

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• www.begent.org/intelquiz.htm
• www.alliqtest.com/tests/2/2
• www.alliqtests.com