????????????????

1
?12? ?????

• ??
• ??
• ???????
• ????????
• ???
• ????????

2
??????

• ??????????????????,????????????????
• ?????
• ??????????
• ???????????????????????????????????,??????????????
  ?

3
???

• ??????
• ??????????????
• ???????????????? 
• ????????
• ???????
• ???????????????

4
??????

• ????
• class ???????? ???
• //???????????????
• ????
• ???? public
• ????private
• ????protected

5
????

• class base
• int x
• public
• void setx(int k)
• class derived1public base
• int y
• public
• void sety(int k)

Derived1???????x,y? ???????setx?sety
6
???????????

• ?????????????????????
• protected????
• protected????????????,????????????????????,???????
  ??????
• protected?????????,???protected?????,?????????

7
???

• ??????
• ??????????????
• ???????????????? 
• ????????
• ???????
• ???????????????

8
????????????

????? ?????                             ????               
                    public??            protected??                private??
public          ??????public    ??????protected        ??????private                    ??????static     ????????static       ????????static                    ??????????   ?????????     ?????????                    ??????? ?? ??
protecetd      ??????proteced  ??????protected        ?????private                    ????????static ???????????
private         ???????         ???????                ???????                   ???????public ?protected??????static???????????
                                 
9
  Derived1
???? Int x
private Int y
public Setx() Sety()
class base int x public void
setx(int k) class derived1public base
int y public void sety(int k)
10
????

• ?????????????,????????,????????????,?????????????
  ??

11
point_2d???

• class point_2d
• private int x,y
• public
• void setpoint2(int a, int b) x a y b
• int getx() return x
• int gety() return y

12
point_3d???

• class point_3dpublic point_2d
• int z
• public
• void setpoint3(int a,int b,int c)
  setpoint2(a,b) zc
• int getz() return z

13
point_3d???

• point_3d??????????x,y?z,??????????setpoint2,
  setpoint3, getx, gety?getz?
• point_3d??????????????x?y,???setpoint3????????poin
  t_2d???????setpoint2???
• point_3d????????????,?????????????????????????,???
  ???????

14
Point_3d???

• int main()
• point_2d p1
• point_3d p2
• p1.setpoint2(1, 2)
• cout ltlt "p1 (" ltlt p1.getx() ltlt ", " ltlt
  p1.gety() ltlt ")" ltlt endl
• p2.setpoint3(1, 2, 3)
• cout ltlt "p2 (" ltlt p2.getx() ltlt ", " ltlt
  p2.gety() ltlt ", "
• ltlt p2.getz() ltlt ")" ltlt endl
• return 0

P1 (1, 2) P2 (1, 2, 3)
15
???

• ??????
• ??????????????
• ???????????????? 
• ????????
• ???????
• ???????????????

16
?????????????

• ??????????????,??????????????,????????????????????
  ???,??????????
• ????????????????????????,?????????????????????????
  ??????????????????

17
????????

• ???????????????????????????????????????????????
• ??????????????????????,???????????????????????????
  ????

18
???????

• ??????????
• ????????(???)
• ???????(???)
• ???
• ???????????????????????????,????????
• ???????????????????????,???????????
• ???????????????????,???????,??????????,???????????
  ?,?????????????

19
????????

• ????????????????????,?????????????????
• ???????????????????
• ????????,???????????,??????????

20
???????

• ????????????,??????????

21
point2.h

• // Definition of class Point
• ifndef POINT2_H
• define POINT2_H
• class Point public    Point( int 0, int
  0 )  // default constructor   Point()   //
  destructorprotected     // accessible by
  derived classes   int x, y   // x and y
  coordinates of Point
• endif

22
point2.cpp

• include "point2.h"
• // Constructor for class Point
• PointPoint( int a, int b )
• x a y b   cout ltlt "Point
  constructor"      ltlt '' ltlt x ltlt ", "ltlt y
  ltlt '' ltlt endl
• // Destructor for class Point
• PointPoint()
• cout ltlt "Point destructor  "    
  ltlt '' ltlt x ltlt ", "ltlt y ltlt '' ltlt endl

23
circle2.h

• ifndef CIRCLE2_H
• define CIRCLE2_H
• include "point2.h"
• class Circle public Point
• public  // default constructor   Circle(
  double r 0.0, int x 0, int y  0 )  
  Circle()
• private   double radius
• endif

24
circle2.cpp

• include "circle2.h"
• // Constructor for Circle calls constructor for
  Point
• CircleCircle( double r, int a, int b )  
  Point( a, b )  // call base-class Constructor
•   radius r  // should validatecout ltlt
  "Circle constructor radius is"        ltlt radius
  ltlt "" ltlt x ltlt ", "ltlt y ltlt '' ltlt endl
• // Destructor roi class Circle
• CircleCircle()
•    cout ltlt "Circle destructor radius is "
          ltlt radius ltlt " " ltlt x ltlt ", "ltlt y ltlt
  ''  ltlt endl

25
Circle????

• include "point2.h
• include "circle2.h"
• int main()
•    // Show constructor and destructor calls
  for Point       Point p( 11, 22 ) cout
  ltlt endlCircle circle1( 4.5, 72, 29 )cout ltlt
  endlCircle circle2( 10, 5, 5 )cout ltlt
  endlreturn 0

Point constructor 11, 22 Point destructor
11, 22 Point constructor 72, 29 Circle
constructor radius is 4.5 72, 29Point
constructor 5, 5 Circle constructor radius
is 10 5, 5 Circle destructor  radius is 10
5, 5 Point destructor 5, 5 Circle
destructor radius is 4.5 72, 29 Point
destructor 72, 29
26
????????????

• ?????????????????,??????????????????????(???)????
  ???????????,??????????
• ???????????,???????????????,??????????????????????
  ???????
• ?????????????,??????????????????????????

27
?????

• ??????????????,??????????????????????????????????
  ??????5??,???????10???

28
????

• ??????????????????
• ????????????????????????
• ?????????????????????
• ??????????????,?????????????????????,?????????????
  ???????

29
?????

• class reader
• int no
• char name10
• char dept20
• public
• reader(int n, char nm, char d)
• no n
• strcpy(name, nm)
• strcpy(dept, d)

30
????????

• class readerTeacher public reader
• enum MAX 10
• int borrowed
• int recordMAX
• public
• readerTeacher(int n, char nm, char
  d)reader(n, nm, d)
• borrowed 0
• bool bookBorrow(int bookNo)
• bool bookReturn(int bookNo)
• void show() //???????

31
????????

• class readerStudent public reader
• enum MAX 5
• int borrowed
• int recordMAX
• public
• readerStudent(int n, char nm, char
  d)reader(n, nm, d)
• borrowed 0
• bool bookBorrow(int bookNo)
• bool bookReturn(int bookNo)
• void show() //???????

32
???

• ??????
• ??????????????
• ???????????????? 
• ????????
• ???????
• ???????????????

33
????????

• ?????????,?????????????,??????????
• ?????????????????,????????????????????????
• ?????????,??????,????????????????????????,????????
  ??????????????????????

34
??

• ???????,?????????????????????????????????,???????
  ??????

35
?????

• ????????
• ?????????????????,????????????????????,?????????

36
?????

• class circle
• protected
• double radius
• public
• circle(double r 0) radius r
• double getr() return radius
• double area() return 3.14 radius radius
• double circum() return 2 3.14 radius

37
?????

• class ballpublic circle
• public
• ball(double r 0)circle(r)
• double area()
• return 4 3.14 radius radius
  
• double volumn()
• return 4 3.14 radius radius
  radius / 3

38
Ball??????

• Ball??????????,??????????????????????,??ball??????
  ??
• Ball??????????circle??????????

39
Ball??area??

• Ball?????????????area???????????,????circle?????
• ??ball??????area???,????ball??????area??

40
????????????

• ????????????????,???????????????????????,?????????
  ???????????
• ???????????????????,??????????????????????????????
  ????????,??????????

41
??

• ?circle?????????cylinder????????????????
• ????
• ????????????????????
• ???????????????????????
• ?????????????????????????circle???????

42
Cylinder????

• class cylinderpublic circle
• double height
• public
• cylinder(double r 0, double h 0)circle(r)
• height h
• double geth() return height
• double area()
• return 2 circlearea()
  circum() height
• double volumn() return circlearea() height
  

43
Ball?cylinder????

• int main()
• circle c(3)
• ball b(2)
• cylinder cy(1,2)
• cout ltlt "circle r" ltlt c.getr() ltlt endl
• cout ltlt "area" ltlt c.area() ltlt "\tcircum" ltlt
  c.circum() ltlt endl
• cout ltlt "ball r" ltlt b.getr() ltlt endl
• cout ltlt "area" ltlt b.area() ltlt "\tvolumn" ltlt
  b.volumn() ltlt endl
• cout ltlt "cylinder r" ltlt cy.getr() ltlt "\th "
  ltlt cy.geth() ltlt endl
• cout ltlt "area" ltlt cy.area() ltlt "\tvolumn" ltlt
  cy.volumn() ltlt endl
• return 0

44
????

• circle r3
• area28.26 circum18.84
• ball r2
• area50.24 volumn33.4933
• cylinder r1
• area18.84 volumn6.28

45
???

• ??????
• ??????????????
• ???????????????? 
• ????????
• ???????
• ???????????????

46
???????

• ????????????,?
• class base
• class d1public base
• class d2public d1
• ???????????????????
• ??????????????,??????????????????,?????
• ???d2?????,????d1?????,?d1?????????????base???????
  ?,??d2?????,???????base?????,????d1?????,?????d2??
  ????
• ??????????

47
??

• include ltiostreamgt
• using namespace std
• class base int x
• public
• base(int xx) xxx coutltlt"constructing
  base\n"
• base() coutltlt"destructint base\n"
• class derive1public base int y
• public
• derive1(int xx, int yy) base(xx)
• y yy coutltlt"constructing
  derive1\n"
• derive1() coutltlt"destructing derive1\n"
  

48

• class derive2public derive1 int z
• public
• derive2(int xx, int yy, int zz)derive1(xx, yy)
• z zzcoutltlt"constructing
  derive2\n"
• derive2() coutltlt"destructing derive2\n"
• main()
• derive2 op(1, 2, 3)
• return 0

constructing base constructing derive1 constructin
g derive2 destructing derive2 destructing
derive1 destructint base
49
???

• ??????
• ??????????????
• ???????????????? 
• ????????
• ???????
• ???????????????

50
???????????????

• ????????????
• ???????????
• ?????????????

51
????????????

• ????????????????,?????????????????,???????????????
  ??

class base public int a
class d1public base public int b

d1 d d.a 1 d.b 2 base bb d cout ltlt
bb.a //??1 bb.a 3 cout ltlt d.a //??1
52
???????????

• ??????????????????,??????????????,??????????,?????
  ???????????,??????????????
• ???????????,??????????

d1 d d.a 1 d.b 2 base bp d cout ltlt
bp-gta //??1 Bp-gta 3 cout ltlt d.a //??3
53
?????????????

• ???????????????
• ???????,??????????

d1 d d.a 1 d.b 2 base bb d cout ltlt
bb.a //??1 bb.a 3 cout ltlt d.a //??3
54
??

• class Shape
• public void printShapeName() coutltltShapeltltend
  l
• class Point public Shape
• public void printShapeName() coutltltPointltltend
  l
• class Circle public Point
• public void printShapeName() coutltltCircleltlten
  dl
• class Cylinder public Circle
• public void printShapeName()
  coutltltCylinderltltendl

55
????????????

• int i
• Point aPoint
• Circle aCircle
• Cylinder aCylinder
• Shape shapes3 aPoint, aCircle, aCylinder
• for (i0ilt3i) shapesi.printShapeName()

Shape Shape Shape
56
???????????
Shape Shape Shape

• int i
• Point aPoint
• Circle aCircle
• Cylinder aCylinder
• Shape pShape3 aPoint, aCircle,
• aCylinder
  
• for (i0ilt3i) pShapei-gtprintShapeName()

57
?????????????

• int i
• Point aPoint
• Circle aCircle
• Cylinder aCylinder
• Shape shape1 aPoint
• shape1.printShapeName()

shape
58
??

• ??????????????,????????????????????
• ?????????????????????
• ??????????????????????????????????????????????????
  ??,????reinterpret_cast?????????????????????

59
?12? ?????

• ??
• ??
• ???????
• ????????
• ???
• ????????

60
???????

• ???
• ???
• ?????

61
???

• ???????????????????????
• ???????????????

62
??????

• ???????????????????????
• ???????????????????????

63
????

• ????????????????????
• ?????
• ??????????????????????????????????????????,?????
  ???????

64
??????

• ???????????????????????????,??????????????????????
  ??????????????,???????????????????????????????C?
  ,?????(Virtual Functions)????

65
???????

• ???
• ???
• ?????

66
???

• ???????????,???????????????????????
• ??????????????virtual??,?????????????????????????
  ????,?????,??????????????????????????????????????
• ?????????????,???????,????????????????????????????
  ???????????????

67
??????

• ????????????????,??????????????????????
• ?????????????????????????,????????????????,???????
  ??????????????????,????????????????,??????????

68
???

• class Shape
• publicvirtual void printShapeName()
  coutltltShapeltltendl
• class Pointpublic Shape
• publicvirtual void printShapeName()
  coutltltPointltltendl
• class Circlepublic Point
• public virtual void printShapeName()
  coutltltCircleltltendl
• class Cylinderpublic Circle
• public virtual void printShapeName()
  coutltltCylinderltltendl

69
????????????

• int i
• Point aPoint
• Circle aCircle
• Cylinder aCylinder
• Shape shapes3 aPoint, aCircle, aCylinder
• for (i0ilt3i) shapesi.printShapeName()

Shape Shape Shape
70
???????????

• int i
• Point aPoint
• Circle aCircle
• Cylinder aCylinder
• Shape pShape3 aPoint, aCircle,
• aCylinder
  
• for (i0ilt3i) pShapei-gtprintShapeName()

Point Circle Cylinder
71
?????????????

• int i
• Point aPoint
• Circle aCircle
• Cylinder aCylinder
• //Shape pShape3 aPoint, aCircle,
  aCylinder
• Shape shape1 aPoint
• //for (i0ilt3i) pShapei-gtprintShapeName()
• shape1.printShapeName()

Point
72
??????????

• ?????????????,??????????????????????????????????,?
  ??????????
• ???????????????,???virtual???????????virtual?????,
  ???????????????????????virtual?

73
?

• ???????????,??,???rectangle?????square????????,???
  ?????????

74

• class rectangle
• int w, h
• public
• rectangle(int ww, int hh) w(ww), h(hh)
• virtual void display()
• cout ltlt this is a rectangle\n
• class squarepublic rectangle
• public
• square(int ss) rectangle(ss, ss)
• void display() //???
• cout ltlt this is a square\n

75
???????

• ???
• ???
• ?????

76
??????????

• ??????????,???????????,????????
• ??????????????????,?????????,?????????????????????
  ????????????????????,?delete??????????????????

77
????

• ???????????????
• ???????????????,???????????????????????,??????????
  ??,???????????

78
?????????

• ?????????,????????????????
• ??????????????????????,?????????????????

79
?12? ?????

• ??
• ??
• ???????
• ????????
• ???
• ????????

80
????

• ?????????????????,??????????,????????????????,???
  ???????
• ?????????
• virtual ?? ???(???)0

81
??????

• class shape
• protected
• double x, y
• public
• shape(double xx, double yy) xxx yyy
• virtual double area() 0
• virtual void display()
• cout ltlt "This is a shape. The position is ("
• ltlt x ltlt ", " ltlt y ltlt ")\n"

82
???

• ??????????????????,?????????
• ???????
• ? ?????????????,???????????
• ? ???????????????,???????????,???????
• ? ?????????????????????????
• ? ????????????????????,???????????,???????

83
??????

• ?????????????????????????,????????????????????????
  ???,???????????????????(???????????????????????)??
  ???????

84
?????

• ????????????????
• include ltiostream.hgt
• class shape public virtual void area()0
• class rectanglepublic shapefloat w,h
• publicrectangle(float ww, float hh)www
  hhh
• void area() coutltlt"\narea is"ltltwh
• class circlepublic shapefloat r
• publiccircle(float rr) rrr
• void area()coutltlt"\narea is"ltlt3.14rr
• void main()
• shape ptr rectangle ob1(5,10) circle
  ob2(10)
• ptrob1 ptr-gtarea()
• ptrob2 ptr-gtarea()

85
?12? ?????

• ??
• ??
• ???????
• ????????
• ???
• ????????

86
????

• ?????????????????
• ????,????????????

87
?????????

• class ???? ???
• ???????????????
• ????????1 ???1, ????2 ???2,,????n
  ???n

88
????????

• ??????
• ????????????,????????????

89
?????????

• ????????,?
• include ltiostream.hgt
• class Xint a
• public void setX(int x) ax
• void showX() coutltlta
• class Yint b
• public void setY(int x) bx
• void showY() coutltltb
• class Z public X, private Y int c
• public void setZ(int x, int y) cx
  setY(y)
• void showZ() coutltltc
• main()
• Z obj
• obj.setX(3) obj.showX()
• obj.setY(4) obj.showY() //??
• obj.setZ(5,6) obj.showZ()

?z??????????????
90
??????????????

• ?????????
• ????????(???)??1?????(???),??2?????(???),?????
  n?????(???)
• ?????????(???????,????????????????),???????
• ??????????

91
??????

• includeltiostream.hgt
• class A int i
• public
• A(int ii0) iii coutltlt"A... i"ltltiltltendl
• void show() coutltlt"Ashow()
  i"ltltiltltendl
• class B int i
• public
• B(int ii0) iii coutltlt"B... i"ltltiltltendl
  
• void show() coutltlt"Bshow()
  i"ltltiltltendl
• class C public A, public B
• int i
• public
• C(int i10, int i20, int i30) A(i1),
  B(i2)
• ii3 coutltlt"C... i"ltltiltltendl
• void show() coutltlt"Cshow()
  i"ltltiltltendl
• void main()
• C c(1,2,3)
• c.show()

92
????

• A... i1
• B... i2
• C... i3
• Cshow() i3

93
?????????

• ???
• ????????????
• ??????????????

94
???

• ??????????????,????????????????
• class A public void f()
• class B public void f()
• void g()
• class C public A, public B
• public void g()
• void h()
• ??C x
• ? x.f () ?????

95
x.f()?????

• ???C???????f ????A?f ??B?f??x.Af() ?
  x.Bf()
• ?????C??????C????????????????????
• ????C????????????C????void ha() Af()
• void hb()
  Bf()

96
???---cont.

• ??????????????,????????????,????????????????,?????
  ????????????????

97
???---cont.

• ?
• Class B public int b
• Class B1 public B private int b1
• Class B2 public B private int b2
• Class C public B1, public B2
• public int f()
• private int d
• ?? C c

???b????????? c.b c.Bb ???b??????? c.B1b b.B
2b
98
?????

• class Apublic void fun()coutltlt"Afun()"ltltendl
  
• class B1public A
• public void fun1()coutltlt"B1fun1()"ltlte
  ndl
• class B2public A
• public void fun1()coutltlt"B2fun1()"ltlt
  endl
• class Dpublic B1,public B2
• void main()
• D obj
• //obj.fun1() //???????fun1()??)
• obj.B1fun1() obj.B2fun1()
• //obj.fun() //?????
• //obj.Afun() //????????
• obj.B1fun() //????????

99
???

• ????????????????,????????????????????????????????
  ???????????????B, B1, B2?C,????????

• ??B????????,???C??B?????????????

100
??????

• ??????????????
• ??????????virtual??
• Class B public int b
• Class B1 virtual public B private int b1
• Class B2 virtual public B private int b2
• Class C public B1, public B2
• public int f()
• private int d
• ??B1, B2?????B???,
• ?B??????????????

101
???????

• ???????????????
• ???????????????????
• ??,???C????,?C?????????B?????,????B1?B2????
• ???????B?????,???B1?B2?????,????C??????
• ????????????

102
?????????

• include ltiostream.hgt
• class B int a
• public B(int sa) asa coutltlt"constructing
  B\n"
• class B1virtual public B int b
• public B1(int sa, int sb)B(sa)
• bsb coutltlt"constructing B1\n"
• class B2virtual public B int c
• public B2(int sa, int sb)B(sa)
• csb coutltlt"constructing B2\n"
• class C public B1, public B2 int d
• public C(int sa, int sb, int sc, int sd)
• B(sa), B1(sa, sb), B2(sa,sc)
• dsd coutltlt"constructing
  C\n"
• main() C obj(2,4,6,8) return 0

103
?????????

• ????
• constructing B
• constructing B1
• constructing B2
• constructing C

104
?12? ?????

• ??
• ??
• ???????
• ????????
• ???
• ????????

105
??????

• ?????????????
• ????????????????
• ?????????,????????move
• ?????????,????????move

106
??????

• class Tortoise
• public
• int move()
• int probability rand() 10 / (RAND_MAX
  1)
• if (probability lt 5) return 3
  //??
• else if (probability lt 7) return -6
  //??
• else return 1
  //??

107
??????

• class Hare
• public
• int move()
• int probability rand() 10 / (RAND_MAX
  1)
• if (probability lt 2) return 0
  //??
• else if (probability lt 4) return -9
  //???
• else if (probability lt 5) return
  14 //??
• else if (probability lt 8)
  return 3//???
• else return -2
  //???

108
???????

• ??????
• ??????????????
• ???????
• ????????????????
• ???
• ??????,???????????
• 5?????
• ??????????update
• ????????????print
• ????????isFinish?????
• ?????????
• ???????

109
???????

• class Judger
• int hare, tortoise
• enum RACE_END 100 // ????
• public
• Judger()
• hare tortoise 0
• srand(time(NULL))
• void restart() hare tortoise 0 //
  ??????
• void print_title() const //
  ?????????
• cout ltlt " hare\ttortoise\n"
• cout ltlt " \n"

110

• void update(int h, int t) //
  ????????????
• hare h
• tortoise t
• void print() const //
  ????????????
• cout ltlt hare ltlt '\t' ltlt tortoise ltlt endl
• bool isFinish(int winner) const //0???,1???,
  2??
• if (hare gt RACE_END tortoise gt
  RACE_END)
• if (hare gt tortoise) winner 0
• else if (hare lt tortoise) winner 1
• else winner 2
• return true
• else return false

111
????????

• int main()
• Tortoise tort
• Hare hare
• Judger judger
• int winner
• judger.print_title()
• while (!judger.isFinish(winner))
• judger.update(hare.move(), tort.move())
• judger.print()
• switch (winner) //
  ??????
• case 0cout ltlt "????!" break
• case 1cout ltlt "????!" break
• defaultcout ltlt "??"
• return 0

112
??n????????

• int main()
• Tortoise tort Hare hare Judger
  judger
• int winner, num, win_cnt_hare 0,
  win_cnt_tort 0, tie_cnt 0
• cout ltlt "??????????"
• cin gtgt num
• for (int i 0 i lt num i)
  // ??num???
• judger.restart()
• while (!judger.isFinish(winner))
  // ??????
• judger.update(hare.move(), tort.move())
• switch (winner) //
  ??????
• case 0 win_cnt_hare break
• case 1 win_cnt_tort break
• default tie_cnt
• cout ltlt "??? ??? ??\n"
• cout ltlt win_cnt_tort ltlt '\t' ltlt win_cnt_hare
  ltlt '\t' ltlt tie_cnt ltlt endl
• return 0

113
??

• ????????????????????????

114
??

• ??????????????????????
• ???????????????
• ????????????????????????,??????????????????
• ???????(??)????????,??????,?????????????,?????????
  ,?????????????