The Periodic Table

1
The Periodic Table
2
Periodic Table Song - ASAP Science
(509)
3
Rapping the Elements By Oort Kuiper Many people
have heard of Tom Lehrer's 'The Elements' song.
One day I decided to search for it online to
memorise some stuff about the elements and found
out that Daniel 'Harry Potter' Radcliffe had
recently recited it on TV. I wondered what he
(and the viewers) might have learnt about the
elements by listening to it but shock
horror...after listening I realised the song
hadn't actually told me anything about The
Periodic Table, except what's on it! So I
decided to do my own song, specifically about The
Periodic Table. The chorus contains the first
36 elements in order up to Krypton. The first
verse covers general info about the Periodic
table.The second verse lists the Alkali Metals
and The Alkaline Earth Metals.The third verse
lists the Halogens and the Noble Gases.Let me
know if this rap helps you at all...or if it
doesn't. Out of interest, if you manage to
memorise the chorus, how long did it take.good
luck with your studies, or thirst for
knowledge.Peace, O.K
(419)
4

• TED Ed Solving the Puzzle of the Periodic Table

(419)
5
Organizing the Periodic Table of Elements
Vocab What is it?

• 13
• Al
• Aluminum
• 26.982

Atomic number
Number of protons (unique)
Chemical symbol
Shorthand for name
Element name
Official scientific name
Atomic mass
Average mass of atom (amu)
6
Subatomic Particle What is it? How do we know how many? What is its charge? ( , - , 0)



Subatomic particle found IN nucleus
proton
Positive
Same as Atomic
Subatomic particle found IN nucleus
Neutral (no charge) 0
Atomic mass minus atomic
neutron
Subatomic particle found OUTSIDE nucleus
Same as Atomic (usually)
Negative -
electron
7
The Periodic Table Song By Tom Lehrer (written
in 1959, before elements 104-118 had been
identified and named)
(125)
Sheldon Sings the Elements
(041)
8
History of the Periodic Table

• In 1869, Dmitri Mendeleev was CLOSE when he
  organized the elements in the first periodic
  table according to their atomic mass.
• In 1914, Henry Moseley discovered that if the
  elements were organized by their
• atomic number ( of protons), instead of their
  atomic masses, all elements fit the pattern.
• When elements are arranged into periods using
  atomic number, the properties repeat.

9
How the Periodic Table is Organized
Find the zig-zag line on your periodic table!
Elements to the LEFT of the staircase are
METALS. Color them GREEN. Elements to the
RIGHT of the staircase are NON-METALS. Color
them BLUE. Elements that BORDER the staircase
are METALLOIDS. Color them YELLOW.
10
Classes of Elements In the table below, color
the metals green, the metalloids yellow, and the
nonmetals blue.
11
VALENCE ELECTRONS are

• The electrons in the outermost electron cloud
• These are the electrons that are responsible for
  bonding! They help ATOMS build everything that is
  MATTER in our universe out of 100ish elements!
• Find the number of valence electrons by finding
  the column number.

12
Metals

• Properties
• Most are SOLIDS at ROOM temperature
• MERCURY is a LIQUID at room temperature
• Shiny
• Good conductors of electricity and heat
• Malleable can be HAMMERED without BREAKING OR
  SHATTERING
• Ductile can be STRETCHED INTO WIRES

13
Metals
iron
aluminum
gold
copper
14
Non-Metals

• Properties
• More than HALF of the non-metals are SOLIDS at
  room temperature
• Not shiny
• Not malleable will BREAK or SHATTER when hit
  with a hammer
• Not ductile cannot be SHAPED into a WIRE shape
• BAD Conductors of Heat and Electricity!

15
Non-Metals
Carbon (diamond)
sulfur
Carbon (graphite)
16
Metalloids

• PROPERTIES
• Have SOME properties of METALS and SOME
  properties of NON-METALS
• For example, SILICON is SHINY (metal property)
  but a bad CONDUCTOR (non-metal property).

17
The Layout of the Periodic Table

• COLUMNS are called GROUPS or FAMILIES
• ROWS are called PERIODS
• Elements in a group share common properties /
  characteristics.

18
GROUPS on the Periodic Table
(columns)
"Friends Making a Totem Pole"
19
Now, color the groups on your periodic table!

• 1A green ALKALI METALS
• Middle No color TRANSITION METALS
• 8A red NOBLE GASES

20
(No Transcript)
21
Now, lets look at some groups to get the idea of
why Moseley organized them the way he did
22
Group 1 Alkali Metals

• Soft enough to be cut with a KNIFE, usually
  silver shiny
• The MOST REACTIVE metals, this means they bond
  EASILY with other atoms.
• Pure ALKALI metals are often stored in OIL to
  prevent the substance from REACTING with WATER
  and OXYGEN in the air.
• Their OUTER shell has only ONE electron

23
Brainiac Mixes Alkali Metals with Water
(317)
24
Group 2 Alkaline Earth Metals

• Very REACTIVE, but less than group 1
• Their OUTER shell has TWO electrons

Beryllium
25
Groups 3 12 Transition Metals

• Have SOME of the NORMAL METAL properties
• Most metals are SOLID, but MERCURY is the only
  LIQUID metal at room temperature
• Most metals are SILVER in color except for GOLD
  and COPPER!

26
Reactivity

• Normally as you move ACROSS the metals from left
  to right, the elements become LESS REACTIVE.
• But TITANIUM is not very reactive and is used for
  JOINT REPLACEMENTS and IRON is very reactive
  and RUSTS easily.

27
Lanthanides Actinides part of the transition
metals (those rows on the bottom)

• Why are they there?
• BECAUSE THEY DONT FIT!!!
• (the periodic table would be
• too wide to fit in a textbook)
• like Hawaii and Alaska on an U.S. map)

28
Lanthanides Actinides part of the transition
metals (those rows on the bottom)

• Lanthanides- are SHINY, REACTIVE metals
• Actinides- are RADIOACTIVE (UNSTABLE) elements
• Most are SYNTHETIC which means we can only make
  them in the LAB.

Want to know more about radioactivity? TED-Ed
Radioactivity Expect the Unexpected
29
Group 7A Halogens

• Their OUTER shell is ONE electron away from being
  FULL
• Very REACTIVE!
• CHEMICAL (how they act) properties are SIMILAR,
  but PHYSICAL (how they look) properties are very
  DIFFERENT.

30
Group 8A Noble Gases

• Non-metals
• Un-reactive because their OUTER shell is FULL
• ARGON is used in LIGHT BULBS, and NEON is used in
  NEON SIGNS
• Both wont BURN OUT for a long time because
  they dont REACT with the air (or MOST other)
  molecules.

31
Hydrogen

• Can be considered part of group 1A
• Only has ONE electron in its OUTER shell
• Can be considered part of group 7A
• Its ONE electron away from being FULL
• USUALLY ACTS LIKE A NON-METAL!
• Most ABUNDANT (means COMMON) element
• Found in all STARS- including our sun.

32
(No Transcript)