HACCP????????????????

1
?????????????????? ?????????????????????? ????????
?????????????????
????????? ??1 ??????????????? ???????? HACCP????
????????????
???? ???????????????
2
Objectives of application of the HACCP system
HACCP ???????????
Prevention of foodborne illness
??????????
More efficient quality assurance system
?????? ????????
???????? ?????
Reduction of costs of food analyses
Reduction of losses due to product recall
??????? ?????
Protection of reputation
?????
WHO ?HACCP????????? ???1?
3
?????HACCP????
?????????????6??????????????????????????????????
??????????????????????????HACCP???????????????????
?????
?????????????????????????????????????????????????
??????????????????????????????????????????????????
????????????????????????????????????????????
???????????????????????????????????????????
????????????????????????????????????????????????
4
15
?? 11.6
12.5
????????
?? 8.27
10
7.5
? 4.29
5
2.5
?? 3.61
?? 3.33
0
1960
1965
1970
1975
1980
1985
1990
1995
2000
??????????????? (1960????) ???????????????2001???
??
5
500
g/?/?
(50)
????????
4.5 ?? 48.7
??365
30.2 ?? 408.5
400
??????????
(40)
300
(30)
200
63.8 ? 262.8
(20)
4.3 ?? 28.8
100
20.4 ?? 56.6
(10)
0
1960
1965
1970
1975
1980
1985
1990
1995
2000
???????????????? ?? 1960??? ??? 2001???
6
90
85.2
?? ?? ??????????
80
78.3
70
??
????
60
44.3
50
40
42.8
30
1891 98
1935 36
1950 52
1947
1955
1965
1975
1985
1990
1995
2000
2002
???????????
7
70
(1950 ?2002)
60
50
??(????)
40
30
20
10
0
1950
1955
1960
1965
1970
1975
1980
1985
1990
1995
2000
???????????
8
?? 96?98
100
?? 65?73
80
? 68?75
???()
60
?? 53?73
40
?? 39?38
20
1996? ??????????? (????????????)
0
1960
1970
1980
1990
2000
???????????????? ???????????????2002??????2010???
????
9
??
????
???
????
?????
????
???
??
????
??????
??????
????
?????
?????
??????
??
????
???
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80

??????????????????????? ?????????? ??15?
??????????????? ?????????????????
10
???????????????
69-78 1,259 46.3 33,266 26.4
79-85 1,074 16.6 34,667 32.3
86-95 773 6.3 33,370 43.1
96-02 2,130 9.3 37,781 17.7
?? ??? ??? ??? ????? ???
?????????
?????????????
???????? ???????(1994)
???(???) ???(????)
???????????????
????????????????
????????????????????????????????
11
?
??
2,500
2,000
1,500
1377
123
1,000
79
500
44
9
0
1975
1980
1985
1990
1992
1993
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
1,994
?????????? 1997?????1?????????????????????????????
12
??
40,000
???
35,000
????
??
30,000
25,000
???
20,000
15,000
????
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
?????????
13
20
18
16
14
??????????????
?????
12
10
8
6
4
2
0
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
????????????????????
14
25
20
??????
15
10
5
0
?
??
??
??
???
???
???? ?????
??????
??????????????? (19962002)
15
???
??
50?
15?
???
0
20
40
60
80
100
??????????????????
04
1014
1519
2029
59
3039
4049
5059
6069
70
16
4
2
0
04
59
1014
1519
2029
??????
12
?????? ?????? ??? ????? ????? ??????
10
8
6
4
2
0
3039
4049
5059
6069
70
??
???????????????? (19962002)
17
??
? ? 12 ?(2000) ??? 126,925,843
? ? 25 ?(1950) ??? 84,114,574
85 8084 7579 7074 6569 6064 5559 5054
4549 4044 3539 3034 2529 2024 1519 1014
59 04
0
200
400
600
0
200
400
600
??
?????????????
18
??????????(Food Code )
1-201 ??????????
(44)??????(Highly susceptible population)?????????
??????????????????????????
(i) ??????????????
(ii) ?????????????????????????????????????????????
??????????
???????????????(????)????????????????????
19
???
????
??
50?
15?
???
0
20
40
60
80
100
??????????????????
04
1014
1519
2029
59
3039
4049
5059
6069
70
20
40
30
??????
20
10
0
??
??
??
??
???
???
???
?????
??????????????? (19962002)
21
7,000
6,000
5,000
4,000
3,000
2,000
1,000
0
??
??
??
??
???
???
???
?????
?????????????? (2002)
22
??????
??????
????????
?????
?????
??????
0
20
40
60
80
100

????????????????????
04
1014
1519
2029
59
3039
4049
5059
6069
70
23
21.1
1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002
22
3
????
2
1
0
????? ???
????? ???
?????
?????
?????
?????
?????
??????
??????
????????
?????????????? ????1998??????1996????
24
??(Hazard)????(Risk)
?????????????????????????????????????????????????
?????
?????????????????????????????????????????????????
????????
?????????????????????????????????????????????????
?????????? ????????????????????????????????(?????
????????????)??
??????????????? FAO Food Quality and Safety
Systems - A Training Manual on Food Hygiene and
the Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Point
(HACCP) System. 1998
25
????? ????
???
????? ????
???????
NOAEL ???????
LOAEL ????????
??(???)
???????????
WHO Hazardous chemicals in human and
environmental health - A resource book for
school, college and university students. 2000
26
??????????
???????
???
???????
???
????? ????
??
??
??
??????????????(????)
27
(µg/ Kg/ day)
AFB1
???
???????
??????? (??????? ??????)
STRC
??????(?????????)
4NQO
BP
MNU
BNU
3MCA
DBNA
DMBA
??????
Trp-P2
TOX
DBA
Trp-P1
AF2
DAN
TCE


Ames?????????????(???????/µg)
??????????????????
28
??????????????????????????????????????????????? ??
???100???1????????????
???
????? ????
10-6
??????
??
??????
DNA ???????????
29
1.0
??????
??????
0.8
0.6
? ????100???????????????? ? ?????????????????????
??
???
????
0.4
0.2
0
10-0
??????? (????)
10-1
???
10-2
? ????????????????????????????????? ?
???????????????????????????????????
(??)
10-3
10-4
10-5
102
104
105
106
107
101
100
108
109
1010
1011
????
??????????????????????
30
??????????????
?????????????????????????????????????????????????
???? 5070
???????
????????HP??
?????1????????????????????????????????????????????
?????????????
31
????????????(ICMSF)??? ????????????
????
????
???
??????????????????????????????????
A
????????????????
B
????????
???????????
?????????????????
C
????????????????????
????????? ?????
D
?????????????????????????
??????????????????
E
???????????????????
F
????????
32
????????????(ICMSF)??? ?????????????
???
?????
??????????
?
???? A
??????????????
???????????????????
?
BF?????? 5?
?
BF?????? 4?
?????????????
?
BF?????? 3?
??????????????
?
????????????
BF?????? 2?
?
????????????
BF?????? 1?
???????????????(????)???? ????????????????
??????????????????????
0
??????????
33
1930???????
?????? ?????? ????
???????
???????
????????( IBRD 1945)
1944? ?????????(??)
??????( IMF 1947)
????????
?????(GATT 1948 ) ????????????????
1947? ?1??????? ? ?????
??????????????????????????????? (i)????????? (ii
)????????(???????????)
GATT ?20? ????? ?????????????? ????????????????(
SPS)???
????????(1967) ???????(1979 )??
?????????(1986 1994)?? ???????????
1995? ??????( WTO ) ? ?????
???????????????????(??WTO????)? ??????????
?????????????????????????
34
???????????????
A?
B?
????? (WTO??)
? ? ? ?
E?
C?
D?
????????(WTO)??????????? ????????????????????(SPS
??) ??????????????(TBT??)
35
????????? ( FAO/WHO ?????????)
( )???? ? ????
?????
???
??????(9)
??????(11)
????(2)
???? ???? ???? ???????? ??????????? ????????? ??
?????? ?????? ????????
?????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?? ??????
??????? ???? ?????? ????????? ??????????????????
?????????? ?????
??????(6)
??? ???? ????? ????????????? ?? ??????????
????? ?????(JECFA) ????(JMPR)
?????????????
36
????????? Risk Assessment ????? Hazard
Identification ??????? Hazard Characteristics ????
Exposure Assessment ???????? Risk
Characterization
????? Risk Management ?????? Risk
Evaluation ??????? Management Option
Assessment ??????? Option Implementation ?????? Mo
nitoring and Review
???????? Risk Communication
??????????? Structure of Risk Analysis. Risk
Management and Food Safety. FAO, Rome, 1997
37
? ???????????? ?????? ?????????????????????
?????
???? (?????? ??)
? ??????? ?????????
? ????? ?????????
? ??????????? ????? ?????????
??????
???? ?????
? ??????? ????????? ????
? ??????????? ?????????
? ????? ?????????????? ????????
??????? (??????)
??????
? ????? ????????????????
? ??????
???
? ??? ???????
?????????????? ???? ????????????????
38
?????????????????????????????????????????????????
??????????????
?????????????????????????????????????????????????
???????????
?????????????????????????????????
lt?????????gt 1.???????????????? HACCP???????(??????
) 2. ?????? ??????????????????
Robert??(??CDC???????????????????2002 )