Global Connections Unit 6

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Global ConnectionsUnit 6

• Scientific Revolution

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The Scientific Revolution

• Faith and science clash (different philosophies)
  (truth over superstition and magic)
• In this revolution we find the origins of the
  modern world brought about by human inquiry
• Nature to be explored in its own right not as
  evidence of Gods creative powers

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A new way of thinking

• Francis Bacon (1561-1626)
• Suggests experimentation to learn about the
  natural world
• Inductive not deductive reasoning
• Father of modern Empiricism and the scientific
  method
• Rene Descartes (1596-1650)
• I think therefore I am
• Rationalism human reason as the source of
  knowledge

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The changing view of the universe

• The old view (4th Cen. BC) Science as a branch
  of theology (humans at center etc..)
• Geocentrism Aristotle came up with it and
  Ptolemy figured out rules to explain planetary
  motion
• 10 separate crystals with planets embedded in
  them moved around the earth
• Angels moved the spheres in perfect circles

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Geocentrism
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Nicholas Copernicus (1473-1543)

• Polish cleric
• First to challenge Geocentrism in his book On
  the Revolutions of the Heavenly Spheres
  (published after his death)
• Only challenged the Geocentric idea but his work
  led to more questions being asked

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Johannes Kepler (1571-1630)

• Assistant of Brahe (Math genius) Used Brahes
  data to develop three laws of planetary motion
• Ellipses not circles
• Planets vary their speeds during their orbits
  based on distance from sun
• Time of orbit is based on distance from sun

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Galileo Galilei (1564-1642)

• 1609 developed the 1st telescope
• 1632 published Dialogues on the 2 great systems
  of the Universe
• Conflict with Pope Urban VIII
• 1633 ordered to repudiate his views
• Also did work in physics (acceleration of falling
  bodies)

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Galileo and the Inquisition
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Galileo has been called the "father of modern
observational astronomy", the "father of modern
physics",the "father of science", and "the Father
of Modern Science." The motion of uniformly
accelerated objects, taught in nearly all high
school and introductory college physics courses,
was studied by Galileo as the subject of
kinematics. His contributions to observational
astronomy include the telescopic confirmation of
the phases of Venus, the discovery of the four
largest satellites of Jupiter, named the Galilean
moons in his honour, and the observation and
analysis of sunspots. Galileo also worked in
applied science and technology, improving compass
design
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Newtons synthesis (1642-1727)

• Author of Mathematical Principles of Natural
  Philosophy
• Universal Gravitation Every object in the
  universe is attracted to every other object by a
  force called gravity
• Inertia Objects in motion remain in motion
  unless acted upon by an outside force

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The study of living things

• Andreas Vesalius The father of modern anatomy
• William Harvey Circulation of blood