IP

1
?????????? ?????????? ?????
2
?????????? ?????????? ?????

• IP
• X.25
• Frame Relay
• ATM
• IP over XXX

??????????? ???????
???????? ????- ?????????? -????????? ????

• ??????????? ??????? ??????????? ???????? ??????
  ????? ?????? ??, ????????????? ?????????
  ????????
• ???????? ???????????? ??????????????? ????????
  ??? ?????? ???????
• ??????? ??????????? ??????? ???????? ??? ??????
  ?????????? ???????

3
???????????? ??????? ?????????? ?????
4
?????????? ? ???? ???????
5
?????????? ???????? ?????????? ???? ???????????
6
???? ?????????? ???????

• ?????????? ?????????? ?????
• ????????? ??????? (300 ?? - 3400 ??)
• ?????????????? (60 ??? - 108 ???, ?????? 48 ???)
• ????????????? (??? ?????????? ??????????) - xDSL
• ???????? ????????????? ????? 56/64 ??/?
• ???????? ?????????????? TDM ?????
• ?1, fractional T1 (1.544 ??/?, n64 ??/?)
• ?3 (44 ??/?)
• ?1 (2.048 ??/?)
• ?3 (34 ??/?)
• STM-1 (155 ????/?)
• STM-4 (622 ????/?)  
• STM-16 (2,5 ????/?)
• STM-64 (10 ????/?)

PDH, ????????? G.703
SDH
7
??????????? ?????????????? ? ????????? ??????
8
??????????? ????? ?? ??????????? ??????
9
?????? ??????? SDH
?3
???1
?4-?3
???1-???2
?4
???1
10
???????? ?????c??? SDH
 
11
????????? ???? SDH
12
????? ??????????????????? ??????? PDH ? ????? SDH
x1
C-4
140 ????/c
AU-4
VC-4
AUG
STM-N
xN
x3
x3
x1
TUG-3
VC-3
TU-3
45/34 ????/c
C-3
VC-3
AU-3
x7
x7
x1
TUG-2
6 ????/c
C-2
VC-2
TU-2
x3
2 ????/c
C-12
VC-12
TU-12
x4
1,5 ????/c
C-11
VC-11
TU-11
13
?????? ????? STS-1
14
????????????? ?????????? ??? ??????? ???????????
???????????? ???? ????? ??????? ? ?????????? ?????
15
??????? ????????? ????? SDH
??????????
16
??????? ????????? ????? SDH
???. 4?. ????
???. 4?. ??????? ??????
17
??????? ????????? ????? SDH
???. 5. ???????? ?????????
18
?????????????????? SDH
19
????? ??????????? ????? ????? ?????? ?? ????
????????
???????? ????
ADM4
ADM5
A1
VC-4
STM-16
A1
A2
A2
T3
ADM1
ADM2
ADM3
??????? ????
????? ???????????? ?????
T2
???. 9. ?????? SNC-P
VC-4
20
?????? ? ??????????? ?????? MS-SPRing
16 ?????????? ?????????? VC-4, ?????????????
??????? ?????? ? ??????? ? ????? ?
?
21
????????? ?????-????? (Point-to-Point) ???
?????? ?? ?????????? ??????? SLIP,
HDLC, PPP
22
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23
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24
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25
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26
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27
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28
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29
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30
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31
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32
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33
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34
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35
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36
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37
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38
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39
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40
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41
????????? ??????
42
????? ?????
43
????????????? ????????????? ???? ??????????
???????? (ISP)
44
?????? ??? ????????????? ???????

• ????????? ?? ????? ? ???????? ????????
• V.22 bis - ?????????? ???????? ?????? ?? ????????
  1.2 ??/? ? 2.4 ??/?
• V.27ter - ?????????????? ?????????? ???????? ??
  ???????? 4.8 ??/?
• V.32 - ?????????? ???????? ?? ???????? 4.8 ??/? ?
  9.6 ??/?
• V.32 bis - ?????????? ???????? ?? ???????? ??
  14.4 ??/?
• V.34 - ?????????? ???????? ?? ???????? ?? 28.8
  ??/?
• V.34 - ?????????? ???????? ?? ???????? ?? 33.6
  ??/c
• V. 90 ???????? ?? ???????? ?? 33.6 ??/? ? ?????
  ?? 56 ?
• ???????? V.34 ???????????????? ????? ???????????
  - 9.8 ??? ?? ?????? ?????? 8.4 ? V.34
•       ????????? ?? ????? ??????????? ??????
• ???????? MNP (Microcom Networking Protocol)
  ??????? 2-4
• ???????? LAP-M (Link Access Protocol for Modems)
• ???????? ITU-T V.42 ????????? ??? ??????????.
  ????? ?? ????????? HDLC
•       ????????? ?? ?????????? ??????
• Þ     ???????? V.42bis

45
???????? ???? ? ????????????????
????????(Integrated Services Data Network, ISDN)
???? ????? ISDN       ?????????? ?????????
????????????? ???????? ????, ??????? ????????????
??????? ???????? ????? (????, ??????,
????????????? ???????, ????? ? ?.?. ? ????????
?????)       ?????????? ?????? ????? ??????????
??? ???????? ??????? ? ????? - ???????? ????
56/64 ??/? ? ?1/?1 ? ????????? ??????? ??????????
?????? ?????????       ?????????? ???????????
????????? ????????????       ??????????
????????????? ???????????? ??????????? ??
?????????? ???????? ????
46
??????? ISDN
47
?????????? ISDN
      ????????? (Basic Rate Interface, BRI)
2 ?????? ???? ? ?? 64 ??/? (????????????????
??????) ? ????? ???????? ??????????? ??????????
???? D - 16 ??/?       ???????? (Primary Rate
Interface, PRI) 30 (23) ??????? ???? ?, 2
(1.544) ??/?1 ????? ???? D (64 ??/?) ??????????
??????? - ???????? I.430 ????? ????????? ???????
- ???????? LAP-D (I.441, Q.921) ??????? ??????? -
???????? I.451 (Q.931)
48
????????? ???? ISDN
?????? ???? ??????? ??? ???????? ????????????????
?????? ? ?????????? ??????? ??? ????????
?????????
???? ? ??????????? ???????
???? ? ??????????? ??????? SS7
49
??????????? ???????????? ???????????? ISDN
50
????? ??????? xDSL
51
??????? ?????????? xDSL ??????????
25
???????? ???????? (??/?)
?????????? (??)
HDSL (2 ????), SDSL (1 ????) - ?????????????
?????? - ???????????? ??????? ?????? 2 ????/? ?
??? ??????? ADSL (1 ????) - ??????????????
??????, ????????????? ??????? ??????, 20 ???
????????? ??? ???????? (???????????????????
????????)