Title: The Immune Response
1- The Immune Response
- Honors AP
- Lemon Bay High School
2- The Immune Response
- Immunity
- Free from burden
- Ability of an organism to recognize and defend
itself against specific pathogens or antigens. - Immune Response
- Third line of defense
- Involves production of antibodies
- generation of specialized lymphocytes against
specific antigens. - Antigen
- Molecules from a pathogen or foreign organism
that provoke a specific immune response.
3The Immune System is the Third Line of Defense
Against Infection
4T - Lymphocyte activation
B - Lymphocyte activation and Production of
antibodies
5Components of Human ImmunITY
6Classification of acquired immune responses
- Natural or artificial
- How was immune response gained?
- Cell-mediated or humoral
- How is the body reacting?
7 8Acquired ImmunityNatural Gained in the course
of daily life
- NATURAL PASSIVE
- Antibodies pass from other to fetus (placenta) or
mother to baby (breast milk). - Not responding to antigens.
- Temporary 8 weeks.
- NATURAL ACTIVE
- Antigens/pathogens enter the body.
- Body generates an immune response.
- Can be lifelong (chickenpox) or temporary
Influenza).
9Acquired Immunityartificial gained through
vaccination or immune serum.
- artificial ACTIVE
- Antigens introduced through vaccination.
- Body generates an immune response to the antigen.
- Can be lifelong (polio) or temporary (tetanus).
- artificial PASSIVE
- Preformed antibodies (antiserum) introduced by
injection. - Host immune system does not respond to
antibodies. - Temporary 3 weeks
10- Cell-mediated vs. antibody-mediated
11- Antibody-Mediated (humoral) Immunity
- Involves production of antibodies against foreign
antigens. - Antibodies are a class of proteins produced by
B-cell lymphocytes. - Antibodies are found in extracellular fluids
(blood plasma, lymph, mucus, etc.) and on the
surface of B cells. - Defense against bacteria, bacterial toxins, and
viruses that circulate freely in body fluids,
before they enter cells. - Also cause certain reactions against transplanted
tissue.
12Antibodies are Proteins that Recognize Specific
Antigens
13Antibodies are Produced by B-cell Lymphocytes
t-cell Lymphocytes are produced in the thymus
gland early in life.
14- Cell Mediated Immunity
- Involves T-cells lymphocytes that recognize
foreign antigens. - T-cells regulate proliferation and activity of
other cells of the immune system. - Defense against
- Bacteria and viruses that are inside host cells
and are inaccessible to antibodies. - Fungi, protozoa, and worms
- Cancer cells
- Transplanted tissue
15Antigen- antibody reactions
16- Consequences of
- Antigen-Antibody Binding
- Antigen-Antibody Complex Formed when an
antibody binds to an antigen it recognizes. - 1. Agglutination Antibodies cause antigens
(microbes) to clump together. - Example Hemagglutination Agglutination of red
blood cells. - 2. Opsonization Antigen (microbe) is covered
with antibodies that enhances its ingestion and
lysis by phagocytic cells.
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18Overview of the Immune Response