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The Immune Response

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Title: PowerPoint Presentation - I. Introduction to class Author: Multimedia Development Lab Last modified by: Chabot, Susan Created Date: 6/17/1995 11:31:02 PM – PowerPoint PPT presentation

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Title: The Immune Response


1
  • The Immune Response
  • Honors AP
  • Lemon Bay High School

2
  • The Immune Response
  • Immunity
  • Free from burden
  • Ability of an organism to recognize and defend
    itself against specific pathogens or antigens.
  • Immune Response
  • Third line of defense
  • Involves production of antibodies
  • generation of specialized lymphocytes against
    specific antigens.
  • Antigen
  • Molecules from a pathogen or foreign organism
    that provoke a specific immune response.

3
The Immune System is the Third Line of Defense
Against Infection
4
T - Lymphocyte activation
B - Lymphocyte activation and Production of
antibodies
5
Components of Human ImmunITY
6
Classification of acquired immune responses
  • Natural or artificial
  • How was immune response gained?
  • Cell-mediated or humoral
  • How is the body reacting?

7
  • Natural vs. artificial

8
Acquired ImmunityNatural Gained in the course
of daily life
  • NATURAL PASSIVE
  • Antibodies pass from other to fetus (placenta) or
    mother to baby (breast milk).
  • Not responding to antigens.
  • Temporary 8 weeks.
  • NATURAL ACTIVE
  • Antigens/pathogens enter the body.
  • Body generates an immune response.
  • Can be lifelong (chickenpox) or temporary
    Influenza).

9
Acquired Immunityartificial gained through
vaccination or immune serum.
  • artificial ACTIVE
  • Antigens introduced through vaccination.
  • Body generates an immune response to the antigen.
  • Can be lifelong (polio) or temporary (tetanus).
  • artificial PASSIVE
  • Preformed antibodies (antiserum) introduced by
    injection.
  • Host immune system does not respond to
    antibodies.
  • Temporary 3 weeks

10
  • Cell-mediated vs. antibody-mediated

11
  • Antibody-Mediated (humoral) Immunity
  • Involves production of antibodies against foreign
    antigens.
  • Antibodies are a class of proteins produced by
    B-cell lymphocytes.
  • Antibodies are found in extracellular fluids
    (blood plasma, lymph, mucus, etc.) and on the
    surface of B cells.
  • Defense against bacteria, bacterial toxins, and
    viruses that circulate freely in body fluids,
    before they enter cells.
  • Also cause certain reactions against transplanted
    tissue.

12
Antibodies are Proteins that Recognize Specific
Antigens
13
Antibodies are Produced by B-cell Lymphocytes
t-cell Lymphocytes are produced in the thymus
gland early in life.
14
  • Cell Mediated Immunity
  • Involves T-cells lymphocytes that recognize
    foreign antigens.
  • T-cells regulate proliferation and activity of
    other cells of the immune system.
  • Defense against
  • Bacteria and viruses that are inside host cells
    and are inaccessible to antibodies.
  • Fungi, protozoa, and worms
  • Cancer cells
  • Transplanted tissue

15
Antigen- antibody reactions
16
  • Consequences of
  • Antigen-Antibody Binding
  • Antigen-Antibody Complex Formed when an
    antibody binds to an antigen it recognizes.
  • 1. Agglutination Antibodies cause antigens
    (microbes) to clump together.
  • Example Hemagglutination Agglutination of red
    blood cells.
  • 2. Opsonization Antigen (microbe) is covered
    with antibodies that enhances its ingestion and
    lysis by phagocytic cells.

17
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18
Overview of the Immune Response
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