Chapter 9 Regional Atlas of Latin America

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Chapter 9Regional Atlas of Latin America
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Section1 Landforms and Resources

• Latin because the major Languages of the region,
  Spanish Portuguese, are derived from the Latin
  language.
• 1. Mountains Highland Latin America part of
  North America, all of Central and South America,
  and the Caribbean Islands.
• A. Mexico is often called a country of Mountains.
  Two major mts. Ranges that shapes Northern
  Mexico.
• Sierra Madre Oriental on the east.
• Sierra Madre Occidental west
• Sierra Madre del Sur both mts. Connect in the
  south.
• The Andes Mts. Of the South America
• 2. Other ranges in Latin America include the
  Guiana Highlands and Brazilian Highlands.
  Highlands are make up of the mountainous or hilly
  sections of a country. The include parts of
  Venezuela, Guyana, Suriname, French Guiana, and
  Brazil.

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II. Plains for Grain and Livestock South America
has wide plains that offer rich soil for growing
crops and grasses for grazing Livestock.

• 3. Colombia and Venezuela contain vast plains
  called llanos, which are grassy, treeless areas
  used for livestock grazing and farming.
• 4. Brazil also contains expansive plains in the
  interior of the country. These are the cerrado,
  savannas with flat terrain and moderate rainfall
  that make them suitable for farming.
• 5. In parts of South America, the plains are
  known as pampas, area of grasslands and rich
  soil. Pampas are found in northern Argentina and
  Uruguay. The main products are cattle and wheat
  grain.

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III. The countries of Central America the
Caribbean do not have the extensive river systems
that are found in South America. South America
has three major river systems.

• 6. Farther south, the Amazon River flows about
  4,000 miles from west to east, emptying into the
  Atlantic Ocean.
• 7. The Orinoco River winds though the northern
  part of the continent, mainly in Venezuela. It
  flows more than 1,500 miles, partly along the
  Colombia-Venezuela border, to the Atlantic.
• The Parana River has its origins in the highlands
  of southern Brazil. It travels about 3,000 miles
  south and west through Paraguay and Argentina,
  where it is fed by several rivers, and then turns
  eastward.

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IV. The Caribbean Island consist of three major
groups the Bahamas, the Greater Antilles, the
Lesser Antilles. Together they sometimes called
the West Indies.

• 8. The Greater Antilles are made up of the larger
  islands in the Caribbean. These include Cuba,
  Jamaica, Hispaniola, Puerto Rico.
• The Lesser Antilles are the smaller islands in
  the region southeast of Puerto Rico. They are
  divided into the Windward islands and the Leeward
  islands. Located between the Gulf Mexico the
  Atlantic Ocean which were created by volcanic
  activity or rocklike skeletons of tiny sea
  animals.

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V. Latin America is a treasure house of natural
resources. They include gold, silver, oil,
natural gas, agricultural forest resources.

• 1. Gold, silver, iron, copper, bauxite
  (aluminum), tin, lead, and nickelall these
  minerals are abundant in Latin America. Many of
  these minerals are mined and then exported to
  other parts of the world, where they are made
  into valuable goods.
• 2. Oil, coal, natural gas , uranium, and
  hydroelectric power are all plentiful in Latin
  America. Mexico and Venezuela have major oil
  reserves. Brazil is rich in hydroelectric.
  Trinidad has discovered vast reserves of natural
  gas.

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1. How have the Andes Mountains affected the
settlement of South America?

• The Andes are a barrier to movement between the
  Pacific coast in the interior of the continent.
  Countries on the eastern and northern coasts are
  easier to reach and to travel in. These countries
  are more heavily settled.

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Section 2

• Climate and Vegetation

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I. A Varied Climate and Vegetation

• The Climate of Latin America ranges from the hot
  and humid Amazon River basin to the dry and
  desert-like conditions of northern Mexico and
  southern Chile. Rain Forest, desert, and savanna
  are all found in the region.

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Chapter 9 Section 2 The tropical zones of the
region produce both rain forests and the
tree-dotted grasslands known as Savannas.

• 5.Brazil, Colombia, Argentina
• 6. Hot with seasonal rain
• 7. Semiarid
• 8. Mexico, Brazil, Uruguay, Argentina

• 1. Tropical wet
• 2. Central America, the Caribbean
• 3. Hot rainy year-round
• 4. Tropical wet dry

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Dry climate zones Dry climate are found in
Mexico different countries of South America,
but neither Central America or the Caribbean have
dry climate.

• 13. Humid subtropical
• 14. Parts of Paraguay, Uruguay, southern Brazil,
  southern Bolivia, and Northern Argentina
• 15. Rainy winters hot, humid summers
• 16Mediterranean

• 9. Dry with some rain
• 10. Desert
• 11. Parts of northern Mexico, the coast of Peru,
  northern Chile, southern Argentina.
• 12. Dry

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The mid-latitude, moderate climate zones in the
region are located south of the equator.

• 21. Cool, rainy winters and mild, rainy summers
• 22. Highlands
• 23. Mts. Of Mexico and South America
• 24. Varies with altitude, from moderate to cold

• 17. Part of Chile along the west coast
• 18. Hot, dry summers cool, moist winters.
• 19. Marine west coast
• 20. Parts of southern Chile Argentina

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Chapter 9 Section 3Human-Environment interaction
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I. Native people were the first to change
environment to grow food. The burn the forest to
clear land, diverted streams to irrigate crops,
they raised field in swampy areas plus carved
terraces on hillsides.

• 1. Slash-and-Burn Method of clearing a field by
  cutting burning trees, grasses, brush.
• 2. Effects creates fertile soil it will
  exhausted, and farmers have to move on.
• 3. Terraced Farming The cutting of step-like
  horizontal fields into hillsides.
• 4. Effects great for farming in hills reduces
  soil erosion.

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• Argentina, Chile, Uruguay are the most highly
  urbanized countries in South America. Here more
  then 85 of the people live in cities. People
  move to the cities in the hope of improving their
  lives. Many struggle to feed their families by
  subsistence farming. Both push and pull factors
  are at work in moving peasants farmers off the
  land drawing them to the cities.

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II. Throughout Latin America, people are moving
from rural areas into the cities. They leave
farms and villages in search of jobs and a better
life.

• 5. Push Factors Factors that push people to
  leave rural areas.( poor medical care, poor
  education, low-paying jobs, no ownership of land.
• 6. Effects That cities are growing rapidly
  causing pollution, overcrowding, etc.
• 5. Pull Factors factors that pull people toward
  cities.
• 6. Effects reasons are higher-paying jobs,
  better schools, better medical care

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• 7. Rapidly Growing Cities Mexico City, Sao
  Paolo, Rio De Janeiro, Buenos Aires, Lima,
  Bogota, Santiago.
• 8. Effects Slums, unemployment, crime, high
  levels of air pollution, shortages of drinkable
  water, poor infrastructure.

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III. Tourism is a growing industry throughout
Latin America. But despite the money, tourism is
a mixed blessing.

• Tourist spends money and helps to create jobs.
  New hotels, restaurants, boutiques, and other
  businesses. Luxurious cruise ships anchor in the
  port of a region and travelers spend money on
  souvenirs and trips around the islands. Local
  people profit from the visitors.
• Jobs for local resident local guides, rafting,
  sailing, snorkeling expeditions. Informal
  economy.
• Tourism play a part in reducing the income gap.
• Jobs in hotels, restaurants, and resorts.

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1. Describe the advantage and the disadvantage of
the growing tourist industry in Latin America?

• 1. Advantages of tourism Creates businesses and
  jobs brings money into the economy can help
  reduce income gap.
• Resources would help the economy by bringing in
  more industry. A better standard of living.
• 2. Disadvantages of tourism cars congestion
  pollution resentment among locals local govt.
  get into debt because of infrastructure,
  profits will sometimes not stay in the country.
• Rain forest development might cause some natural
  resources to be lost. Cutting of large number of
  trees could change the climate. Erosion would be
  a problem during the rainy seasons.
• Infrastructure.

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Questions

• 1. How might landforms affect the way people in
  Latin America live?
• They protect isolated communities
• 2. Where are the Sierra Madre Andes mountains
  locates?
• Mexico South America
• 3. What are llanos where are they located?
• Grassy treeless plains are located in
  Colombia Venezuela
• 4. Name the two other plains of South America?
• Cerrado Pampas
• 5. What are the three major river system in South
  America?
• Orinoco, Amazon, Parana

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• 6. What are the three major island groups in the
  Caribbean Island?
• The Bahamas, the Greater Antilles, the Lesser
  Antilles
• 7.What country generates the most hydroelectric
  power why?
• Brazil, because of its many rivers
• 8. To grow food in the mountains, what technique
  is used?
• Terraced farming
• 9. Where is the slash-and-burn technique of
  farming used today?
• Amazon River Basin
• 10. Name 3 of most urbanized countries in Latin
  America?
• Argentina, Chile, Uruguay, Bogata, Mexico city,
  Lima

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• 11. Why do people move to cities?
• Better jobs, schools, medical care
• 12. What are two advantages of tourism?
• Increased in employment more money to local
  economy
• 13. Why is there resentment between the local
  population and tourists?
• The gap between rich tourists less well-off
  residents causes resentment.