E-mail: [e-mail]

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• ?2? ???????

• ??????
• ?????????
• E-mail jason_at_mmc.shu.edu.tw

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2-1 ???????

• ?? (bit,binary digit ???)
• ??? (byte)
• ????? 2 ???????
• ?? (character)
• ?? (word)
• ??? (double word)
• ??? (quad word)

1 0
?? ???
ON OFF
? ?
Close Open
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• ???????????? (byte) ???,???????8???,?KB?MB?GB?TB?P
  B?EB???,????1,024 (210)?1,048,576
  (220)?1,073,741,824 (230)?240?250?260??
• ???????????bps???,???????????,?Kbps?Mbps?Gbps???,?
  ????????1,024 (210)?1,048,576 (220)?1,073,741,824
  (230) ??

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2-1-1 ??????????

• ????? (binary system) ??0?1???????????? (base)
• ????? (octal system) ??0?1?2 7????????????
• ?????? (hexadecimal system) ??0?1?2
  9?A?B?C?D?E?F?????????????

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2-1-1 ??????????

• ???? 10 ? 1

9 1 --------
99 1 --------
10
100
6
2-1-1 ??????????

• ???? 2 ? 1

1 1 --------
11 1 --------
102
1002
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2-1-1 ??????????

• ???? 8 ? 1

7 1 --------
17 1 --------
108
208
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2-1-1 ??????????

• ????? 16 ? 1

9 1 --------
F 1 --------
FF 1 --------
1F 1 --------
A16
1016
10016
2016
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2-1-1 ??????????

• ??????????????

10
???????

• 21?? 2 ?

• 28256 ??

11
???????

• 224 ?

• 22416,777,216 ?

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??????

• ????????

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??

• ???? 32
• ??? ?
• ??? ?
• ???? ?

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2-1-2 ????

• ASCII?????????????,????128 (27) ???
• EBCDIC?ASCII-8???????????256 (28) ???
• Unicode????????65,536 (216) ???,?128??????ACSII??
  
• ??????????BIG5 (?????)?????CCCII?,?????????BIG5??
  ??

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(No Transcript)
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2-2 ??????

• ??????? (system unit) ??????? (CPU) ????? (main
  memory?primary storage) ????

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• ??????
• ??? (motherboard)
• ????? (power supply)
• ???? (cooling fan)
• ??? (drive bay)
• ??? (ports)

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???
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1 Byte ??? 8 Bits 1 KB ???? 210
Bytes 1,024 Bytes 1 MB ????? 220 Bytes
1,048,576 Bytes 1 GB ????? 230
Bytes 1,024 MB 1,024 1,048,576
Bytes 1 TB 240 Bytes 1,024GB
1,048,576 1,048,576 Bytes
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??
??3.5????, ?????1.44MB, ?????????????
1.44102410241,509,949.44????
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2-3 ????? (CPU)

• CPU? Central Processing Unit ???,???????????????
  ,??????????????????????

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CPU ???

• ? Intel ? Pentium 4 (??)?Celeron (??) ? AMD ?
  Athlon XP (??)?Duron (??) ???????

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CPU ???
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2-3-1 ???? (CU)

• ???? (control unit) ?????????????????,??????????,?
  ??????????????????CPU??????????
• ??????????????
• ?????? (hardwired control)
• ????? (microprogrammed control)

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2-3-2 ?????? (ALU)

• ?????? (arithmetic/logic unit) ???????????????
• ???????????
• ??????
• ??????
• ????

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2-3-3 ???

• ??? (register) ?CPU????????,??????????????????????
  ??????
• ??????????,??????????????????? (user visible
  register),?????????????????????? (control and
  status register)

27

• ????????????
• ????? (general purpose register)
• ????? (data register)
• ????? (address register)
• ?????? (condition code register)

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• ???????????????
• ????? (program counter)
• ????? (instruction register)
• ???????? (memory address register)
• ???????? (memory buffer register)
• ALU????? (ALU buffer register)
• ??????? (interrupt vector register)
• ?????? (program status word)

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??? V.S. ???? p.2-17
?? 2-21 ????????
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2-3-4 ??????

1. ???? (instruction fetch)
2. ???? (instruction decode)
3. ???? (instruction excution)
4. ???? (result restored)

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2-3-5 ?????

• ?? (timer) ??? (clock)
• ??????MHz (????) ?GHz (????)
• ????????????? (clock tick)
• ????? (clock generator)
• MIPS?MFLOPS?TPS
• ms ? µs ? ns (??)
• ? psec

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2-3-6 CPU????

• ??
• ??
• ???? (??)
• ?? (DIP?PGA?FC-PGA?SECC )
• ????
• ????? (L1???L2???L3??)
• ?????
• ????
• ???

?? ?? ??
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??
??????? ???
??? ???? ?????
??? 1 ???? 3 ????? 2
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2-4 CPU????????

• 2-4-1 CISC V.S. RISC
• RISC (Reduced Instruction Set Computing,?????)????
  Sun SPARC???PowerPC?? (??????????CPU)?MIPS
  RXXX???HP PA-RISC???IBM RS/6000
• CISC (Complex Instruction Set Computing,?????)
  ????Intel x86???Motorola 680x0??

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2-4-2 ?? (Pipeline)
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2-4-3 ??????
?????????????????????
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• ????????????

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2-4-4 ????

• ?????????????,???????????CPU,????????

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(No Transcript)
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2-5 ???

• RAM
• Random Access Memory
• ???????

• ROM
• Read Only Memory
• ?????

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2-5 ???

• DRAM?????????,???????????????
• SRAM??????????
• ROM?????BIOS,??ROM??????????????????

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2-5-1 ????????? (DRAM)

• FPM RAM (Fast Page Mode RAM)
• EDO RAM (Extended Data Output RAM)
• Burst EDO RAM
• SDRAM (Synchronize DRAM)
• VCM (Virtual Channel Memory)
• DRDRAM (Direct Rambus DRAM)
• DDR SDRAM (Double Data Rate SDRAM)

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• 2-5-2 ????????? (SRAM)
• 2-5-3 ????? (ROM)

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BIOS
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2-6 ???????

• ?????????????? ( bus ) ????,?????????????
• ?????
• (system bus)
• ?????
• (expansion bus)

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• ????????????
• ISA
• MCA
• EISA
• VL
• PCI
• AGP
• 3GIO

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• ???????????????????
• PS/2???PS/2???PS/2??
• ?????????????,??????
• ?????????????,??????
• USB ????127???,?????????? ,USB
  1.0/1.1??????12Mbps,USB 2.0???????480Mbps
• IEEE 1394 ????63???,???????????IEEE
  1394A??????S100 (98.304Mbps)?S200
  (196.608Mbps)?S400 (393.216Mbps) ??,?IEEE
  1394B?800Mbps?1.6Gbps??3.2Gbps???????

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• ????? (IrDA)??IrDA Data?IrDA Control????,????????
  ?? (1-2??)??????9,600bps-4Mbps???????????????????
  ???????????? (5??)??????75Kbps???????????????
• ??????

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