LIBERAL AND ILLIBERAL DEMOCRACY

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LIBERAL AND ILLIBERAL DEMOCRACY
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READINGS

• Smith, Democracy, chs. 9-10
• Modern Latin America, ch. 4 (Central America)
• CR 2 Smith, The Peoples Verdict
• NB Optional paper due May 25

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OUTLINE

• Social Equity
• Workers
• Women
• Indigenous Peoples
• Illiberal Democracy
• Press Freedom
• Citizen Rights

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Table 9-1. Employment and Wages in Latin
America, 1980-1999 1980 1990 1995
1999 Unemployment () 6.7
8.0 7.2 8.8 Real
Wages (1980100) 100.0 86.6
92.4 102.9 Real Minimum Wage (1980
100) 100.0 68.4 70.8
73.8
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Table 9-2. Women in Latin American Legislatures,
1990 and 2000 ______Women (as
total)_____ Country_______ ___1990___ ___2000__
_ Argentina 5 27 Bolivia
9 12 Brazil 5
6 Chile 6 11 Colombia
9 12 Costa Rica 12
19 Dominican Republic 12
16 Ecuador 7 15 El
Salvador -- 10 Guatemala
7 9 Honduras --
9 Mexico 12 16 Nicaragua
19 10 Panama 8
10 Paraguay 4 3 Peru
6 20 Uruguay 6
12 Venezuela 10 10
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Women Presidents

• Generation I Widows
• Isabel Martínez de Perón (Argentina)
• Violeta Barrios de Chamorro (Nicaragua)
• Mireya Moscoso (Panama)
• Generation II Self-Made Politicians
• Michelle Bachelet (Chile)
• Laura Chinchilla (Costa Rica)
• Cristina Fernández de Kirchner (Argentina)
• Dilma Rousseff (Brazil)

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Indigenous Peoples

• Bolivia Party Politics (and Evo Morales!)
• Ecuador Social Movements
• Guatemala Political Redemption?
• Peru Silence and Sendero Luminoso
• Mexico Zapatista Uprising

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DETECTING ILLIBERAL DEMOCRACY
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The Rise of Electoral Democracy, 1972-2004
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• Journalists Killed in Latin America, 1990-1999
• Country___ __ N Killings__
• Colombia 36
• Peru 12
• Mexico 10
• Brazil 8
• Haiti 4
• Argentina 3
• Guatemala 3
• Venezuela 2
• Chile 1
• Dominican
• Republic 1
• Honduras 1
• Paraguay 1
• Total 82

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Table 10-2. Electoral Regimes and Freedom of the
Press, 1990s _________________Regime__________
__________ Press____ Autocracy Semi-Democrac
y Democracy Not Free 1
5 2 Partly Free 1
26 51 Free 0
0 47 Totals 2 31 100
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THE CONCEPT OF ILLIBERAL DEMOCRACY

• Distinct Dimensions of Democracy
• Free and Fair Elections
• Citizen Rights
• Systematic Curtailment of Citizen Rights
• Connection to Delegative Democracy (see p. 13)

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CLASSIFYING CITIZEN RIGHTS (Freedom
House scales for Civil Liberties)

• FH scores of 1-2 Extensive
• FH scores of 3-4 Partial
• FH scores of 5-7 Minimal

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Table 1. Democracy, Elections, and Citizen
Rights A Typology
Citizen Rights Character of Elections Character of Elections Character of Elections
Free and Fair Free not Fair None
Expansive Liberal Democracy Liberal/Permissive Semidemocracy (Null)
Limited Illiberal Democracy Illiberal/Restrictive Semidemocracy Moderate Dictablanda
Minimal (Null) Repressive Semidemocracy Hard-Line Dictadura
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Elections, Rights, and Political Regimes
Rights and Freedoms
Extensive Liberal Democracy
Partial Traditional Autocracy (Dictablanda) Illiberal Democracy
Minimal Hard-Line Autocracy (Dictadura)
Autocracy Semi-Democracy Democracy
Elections Elections Elections Elections
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Liberal and Illiberal Democracy, 1978-2004
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1980-1989 ________________Regime_____________
______ Civil Liberties___ Autocracy Semi-Democrac
y Democracy Minimal 15 1
0 Partial 59 30
41 Extensive 1 4
39 Totals 75 35
80
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1990-2000 _________________Regime____________
_____ Civil Liberties___ Autocracy Semi-Democracy
Democracy Minimal 3
0 0 Partial 4
53 109 Extensive 0
2 38 Totals 7 55
147
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Political Regimes in 1999 Countries and
Population N Regime
Type___ __Countries__ __Population__ Liberal
Democracy 3 lt5 Illiberal
Democracy 11
60 Illiberal Semi-Democracy 5
33 Autocracy 1 2

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Why Illiberal Democracy?

• Protection of elite interests
• Control of popular masses
• Under rubric of free and fair elections

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SO WHAT?CYCLES OF MASS POLITICS

• Unfettered and dangerous democracy (e.g.,
  reformists Allende) 1950s-
• Military coups and authoritarian regimes 1960s-
• Democracy contained 1980s-
• Neoliberal economics, Washington consensus
• Institutional constraints (e.g. MRO)
• Illiberal democracy
• Rise of the new Left 1990s-

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The End