?????(Johann Heinrich Pestalozzi,1746~1827),???,???? ,??????????????,??????????

1
???????????

• ???

2
???????(1)

• ?????(Johann Heinrich Pestalozzi,17461827),???,??
  ?? ,??????????????,??????????
• ??????????????????,??????????,?????????,??????????
  ???????????????,??(Jean-Jacques
  Rousseau,17121778)??????????????,????????????????
  ??????

3
???????(1)

• ?????????????,?????????????,??????????????????????
  ???(Leonard and Gertrude)?????(??)??????????,???
  ?????????????????(????)?????????,?????????????,???
  ??????????(???,1990???,2003???,2009)?
• ??????,?????????????????,?????????????????????????
  ???,???????????????????,??????????????,???????????
  ???,?????????????,??????????????????,???????(???,2
  002???????,1997)?

4
???????(2)

• Pestalozzi????????(University of
  Zürich)??????,?Johann Kasper Lavater????,
  ???????,???????????????????,??????????????,???????
  ???,??????,?????????

Johann Kasper Lavater
5
???????(2)

• Pestalozzi?????,????ltlt?????gtgt?ltlt???gtgt????????????
  ?????,??????????????????????????,??????Pestalozzi
  ???????????,????????,????????????????,??????????
  ?,???????????????????
• 1768??,????(Birr)????????,??????,?????????????????
  ????,?????????????????,????????????

6
???????(3)?????????(Pestalozzi Method)??????

• 1769?,??????(A. Schulthess)??,????(??)(Neuhof)????
  ,??????????????????( 1774)????(Stans)(1798)?????(B
  urgdof)(1800-1804)????(Yverdon)(1805-1825)???????
• 1824?,?????,Pestalozzi??????????????????????Swan
  Song?Lifes Destiny?1827?Pestalozzi???
• ??????? ???????????????????????????????????????
  ????,?????

7
????????

• ?????(Evening Hours of a Hermit, 1780)
• ???(Leonard and Gertrude,1781-1787)-??????????,?
  ??????????????????????,???????????,???????????????
  ??,?????????????????????,??????????
• ?????(How Gertrude Teaches Her
  Children)-????????????,????????????????????,??????
  ??????????
• ????(Swan Song)-?????????????????(???,2009)?

8
?????????
9
???????

• ??????????
• 1.??????????
• 2.???????
• 3.?????????,?????
• ?????????
• 1. ??????????????,??????????????,??????????????
• 2. ?????????????,????????,????????????,???????????
  ???????????????,??????????????????,??????????
• 3. ??????????,???????
• 4. ????,?????????,??????????????????????,????????
  (???????????????)?
• 5. ?????,???????????????????????????,??????????
• 6. ??????

10
????????????????
11

• I wish to wrest education from the outworn order
  of doddering old teaching hacks as well as from
  the new-fangled order of cheap, artificial
  teaching tricks, and entrust it to the eternal
  powers of nature herself, to the light which God
  has kindled and kept alive in the hearts of
  fathers and mothers, to the interests of parents
  who desire their children grow up in favor with
  God and with men.
• 
  (Pestalozzi, 1965)

12
???????????????????

• ????????????????,???37??1781?,?????(???????)??,???
  ?????1783, 1785, 1787????

13
??Leonard and Gertrude?????????Chapter 25

• This is as it should be it is impossible to
  clear the table before breakfast is eaten!
  (pp.129)
• The children all helped wash the dishes, and they
  seated themselves in their customary places
  before their work. (pp.129)
• First the children sang their morning hymns, and
  then Gertrude read a chapter of the Bible aloud
  (pp.129)
• But she took pains to teach them early how to
  speak for, as she said, of what use is it for a
  person to be able to read and write, if he cannot
  speak?--- since reading and writing are only an
  artificial sort of speech. (pp.130)

14
????????????

• ?????????????????? ??????????????
• ????????????????,?????????????????????,???????????
  ???????
• ???????????????????????????????
• ???????????????????????????,????????????????????

15
???

• ????????????,????????????????????????????
• ???????,???????????,??????????,???????????????????
  ?????????
• ?????,?????????????????,???????(??)???(??)????????
  ????????????,????????????
• ?????????,??????????????????????????????????????,?
  ?????????????????????????????????????
• ??????????,?????,????????????,?????????

16
???

• ?????????????,???????,????????
• ???????????,????????,????????????????
• ???????,??????,????????????,??????????????????????
  ??????,??????,????????????????,???????????????????
  ??????????????????????,??????????Pestalozzi???????
  ???????????
• ???????????,???????????????,??????????????????????
  ???,??????????????

17
???

• ?????????????????????
• ???????????,?????????????,?????????????????????,??
  ???????????????????,?????????????
• ?????????????????????,???????????,????,???????????
  ?,??????????
• ??????????,??????,???????,???????,??????????
• ???????(??????)???,?Pestalozzi??????????????,?????
  ???,??????????????????????,?????????,????????

18
????????????(Pestalozzi Method)

• Examine everything, keep what is good and if
  something better has come to fruition in your own
  minds, add it in truth and love to what I am
  trying to give you in truth and love in these
  pages.
• (Pestalozzi, 1826)

19
????????????(Pestalozzi Method)

• ???????????????????????????(freedom with
  autonomy)
• ???????
• (?)??????????????????????????????
• (?)?????????????????????????,????????????(instrum
  ent of subjection),????????????,????????????
• (?)?????,??(practice)?????

20
?????????????????

• ???????????(intuition)???????,????????????????????
  ???????????????????????????????????????(???,?)

21
????(1)

• (?)?????,??????????????,?????????????????,???????
  ?,??????,?????,????????????????????????!??,??????
  ,???????!?(???,2003Silber,1960)?
• (?)?????????????,?????,?????????(???,2003Silber,
  1960)??????,?????????????????,????,????,??????????
  ????????????,?????????????????????,??????,????????
  ?,??????????(???,?)?

22
????(2)

• (?)?????????????????????????????????,???????,?????
  (number)????(form)?????(language)
  ??????????(numerical ability)???????(spatial
  ability)??????(verbal ability)???(?????,?)?
• 1.????????????,???????,??????????????,????????
  ?????
• 2.???????????????????????????????,??????????
• 3.????????,??????????????????????a?e?i?o?u??????
  ?,?ab?ac?ad?????,?abc?bcd?????????,?????????????,
  ????????,??????????????

23
????

• ???????????,???????,??????????,????????????,??????
  ??????????,????????????????,??????????,???????,???
  ???????????????????????????,?????????????,????????
  ,?????????????(???,2003)?
• ????????????????????????(My Inquires into
  Course of Nature in the Development of
  Mankind)?????????????,????????????(animal
  man),???????????????????????????????(social
  man),?????????????????(moral man)(???,2002Quimps,
  1890)?????????????????????,???????,???????????????
  ,???????????????,??????????????????????????????,??
  ??????????

24
?????????????????

• ??-?????????,?????????????????????,???????????????
  ????????????????????????,?????????????????????????
  ?????,???????????????????????????,??????????????,?
  ?????????????,?????????????????????????????,??????
  ????????????????????????????????????,????????,????
  ????????,??????,??????????????????????
• ????????-???????????????????????????????????????
  ,?????????????????????????????????????(??????)-???
  ???????????

25
??????????????????
26
?????? ???????

• ????????-Pestalozzi???????,????????????,??????????
  ???
• ??????????????????????????????????,??????????
• Pestalozzi???????????????????,????????????????????
  ?????????????????????????,???????????,???????????
  ???,??????????????????,???????????????????Pestaloz
  zi??????????????,?????????
• 1870?,?????????????,Pestalozzi???????,????????????
  ?????,????????????????????????????,??????????????
  (???,2008)

27
?????? ?????????

• 1798???????P. Staffer??Pestalozzi???????????????9?
  ,??????????????????,??????,???????????(???????)???
  ??,Pestalozzi??????????????????????????,??????????
  ,Pestalozzi??????,???????????????,????,???????????
  ?Pestalozzi???????????,???????????????????????????
  ???,?????????????????????,????????????????????,???
  1799?6????????????????????????????? (???,2008)

28
?????? ??????????

• Pestalozzi?????????,??????????????????????????,???
  ?????????,????????,???????????????????
• 1800?,??????????????,??????,??????????????????????
  ?????,?????????????????????????,???????,?????????
  ??????????????,??????????????????????????????,????
  ???????,????,???????
• 1801?,Pestalozzi????????????,????????,?????,??????
  ??????????????????,??????????????????????????,????
  ?????????????????How Gertrude Teaches Her
  Children,???????????????? (???,2008)

29
?????? ?????????

• Pestalozzi?????????????1805??????????????
• 1809?,??????????,?????????????,??????????Pestalozz
  i?????????????????????????,???????????????????????
  ??,???????,????????????????????????,?K. Ritter,K.
  von Raumer??????????????????????????????????,??Pes
  talozzi??????????????????????,?????????????,??????
  ???????,?????????
• 1824?,?????,Pestalozzi??????????????????????Swan
  Song?Life's Destiny? (???,2008)

30
????????
31
????????(1)

• ?????????????????
• ???????????????????,?????????,????????????????????
  ???????Froebel?Fichte?Herbart???
• ?????????????????????????????????????????????????
  ,?????????????
• ????(????????????????)????????????????????,???????
  ?????????

32
????????(2)

• ?????????Pestalozzi???????????J. F.
  Herbart??Pestalozzi??????????,????????????????????
  ??????????????Pestalozzi ???????Pestalozzi???????,
  ?????????,Pestalozzi????????????????????,?????????
  ???????

33
????????(3)

• ???????,???J. Cabell ??????,????????????Pestalozzi
  ??,??Pestalozzi?????,??????????????????????
• ???????????,???????????,?????Pestalozzi???????????
  ?????????????
• 1860?,????????Pestalozzi?????Oswego
  Movement,????????1865?,????????????Pestalozzi?????
  ?,???????????????????????????

34
???????????????????????
35
???????????????????????

• ??????????????
• ????????????????????????????

36

• http//www.pestalozziworld.com/ourwork/ourwork.ht
  ml

37
????

• ???(2008)???????????? --Pestalozzi?Froebel?????,??
  ????????
• ???(?)???????????????????
• Pestalozzi, Channing translated(1885).
  Pestalozzis Leonard and Gertrude, NY Heath
  Publish.
• Soëtard, M.(2000). Johann Heinrich Pestalozzi,
  Prospects, 24(1/2), pp.297-310.