England Arrives at the New World

1
The Settlement of the Chesapeake Part B
Virginia Maryland
2
Reorganization of the London Co.

• Virginia Company (1609)
• Stock options for adventurers
• Indentured servitude
• The Starving time (1609-1610)
• A chance meeting
• Deciding to stay

3
Jamestown and its Governors

• John Smith returns to England
• Governor Lord De La Warr
• Harsh labor requirements
• Harsh penalties
• Land incentives
• Private ownership
• New relationship with the natives

4
Jamestown Colonization Pattern1620-1660
5
River Settlement Pattern

• Large plantations gt100 acres.
• Widely spread apart gt5 miles.

Social/EconomicPROBLEMS???
6
Why Was There Such High Mortality?

• POPULATION
• 1607 104 colonists
• By spring, 1608 38 survived
• 1609 300 more immigrants
• By spring, 1610 60 survived
• 1610 1624 10,000 immigrants
• 1624 population 1,200
• Adult life expectancy 40 years
• Death of children before age 5 80

7
Widowarchy
High mortality among husbands and fathers left
many women in the Chesapeake colonies with
unusual autonomy and wealth!
8
Virginia Begins to Thrive

• Tobacco is King
• John Rolfe
• Headright system (1618)
• Expansion of Plantations
• Craftsmen come to the colony

9
John Rolfe
10
King James deplores tobacco

11
English Tobacco Label
12
Tobacco and Land

• Growing tobacco leached the soil of nutrients
  requiring the settlers to seek more land. This
  expansion along the banks of the James River
  resulted in the displacement of Virginia Indians
  from their homelands and led to conflict between
  the two cultures.

13
Early Colonial Tobacco
1618 Virginia produces 20,000 pounds of
tobacco. 1622 Despite losing nearly
one-third of its colonists in an
Indian attack, Virginia produces 60,000
pounds of tobacco. 1627 Virginia
produces 500,000 pounds of
tobacco. 1629 Virginia produces 1,500,000
pounds of tobacco.
14
Tobacco Prices 1618-1710
Why did tobacco prices decline so precipitously?
15
Labor Problems

• Labor shortages
• Enslaving Indians
• Importing white servants
• Beginnings of the African slave trade
• The Virginia Assembly of 1619
• House of Burgesses

16

• Indentured Servitude

HeadrightSystem
17
Indentured Servitude

• Headright System
• Each Virginian got 50 acres for each person whose
  passage they paid

• Indenture Contract
• 5-7 years.
• Promised freedom dues land,
• Forbidden to marry.
• 1610-1614 only 1 in 10 outlived their
  indentured contracts!

18
First African Slaves Arrive in Jamestown (1619)

• Dutch slave ship
• Blown off courseaccidentally arrives in
  Jamestown
• 1st slaves treated like indentured servants
• Evidence of freedoms and privileges that WILL NOT
  exist later

19
Chief Powhatan
20
The clash of co-existence

• Matrilineal vs. Patrilineal societies
• The role of the white father
• Concept of land ownership
• The miscommunication of the treaty process
• Powhatan Indian video

21
The Powhatans

• The Powhatan paramount chiefdom consisted of
  approximately 30 named tribes with a population
  of about 14,000 people, and was named
  Tsenacomoco, which may have meant our place.
• The Powhatans had a sustained society with a
  structured government, economy, religion,
  language and intricate social institutions.

22
The clash of co-existence

• The Powhatan Confederacy
• The Ransom of Pocahontas
• Opechancanough
• The Massacre of 1622
• Retaliation against the Powhatan
• Jamestown becomes a royal colony 1624

23
Pocahontas- Lady Rebecca

24
Opechancanough
25
Pocahontas and John Rolfe

26
Take Five

• Discuss the relationship between the
• Powhatan Indians and the English settlers
• 1607
• 1620s
• 1690s

27
Agricultural Exchange

• Learning to farm American style
• New cropsThe Three Sisters
• Corn (maize or greene wheat), beans, pumpkins
  or squash etc

28
Churches at Jamestown

• Throughout the 17th century the colonists
  constructed several churches at Jamestown.
• At one point in Jamestowns history, it was
  mandatory that the settlers attend church twice
  on Sundays or suffer severe punishment.

29
The Colony Grows

• Jamestown expanded from a small fort into the
  social, economic, political, and religious center
  of the colony.
• Jamestown served as the seat of Virginias
  government for 92 years, until the capital moved
  to Williamsburg in 1699.

30
Images of New Towne Structures
Row Houses

• The first brick home was built in 1639. In the
  second half of the 17th century some Jamestown
  families lived in brick Row Houses. This row of 3
  houses was occupied at least from 1650 through
  1720.